The Fraud Scandal Of Glaxosmithkline - 1596 Words

GSK Analysis This paper covers the information given from the bribery scandal that GSK paid off the Chinese government and doctors in the country. This analysis will take a look at what happened, what went wrong and the conclusion for the company looking in the future to do business in China. The company’s response is a key issue in how they came back from such a detrimental hit in a growing market. There are a number of factors that will be interpreted and discussed for the future dealings in China. Questions Arise The first question to arise would be what kind of laws does China already have in place? Also, one has to consider the way the laws are enforced if any standard has been set. There are two standard laws that handle this type of incidence in the country. The first one is the Anti-Unfair competition law AUCL (Rogers, 2014). The punishment that is set forth will be determined by the severity of the crime. This law is in direct correlation with anti-corruption and bribery in the country of China. It goes into detail with Article 8 of the AUCL which forbids any industry or commerce representatives from giving bribes in the form of property or other means for the purpose of selling and purchasing products and services (Rogers, 2014)†. Payments or stealthy charges that are improperly acknowledged in the recordkeeping or ledgers are also prohibited. In the case of GlaxoSmithKline, they even tried to bribe the officials that are the ones who enforce thisShow MoreRelatedThe Fraud Scandal Of Glaxosmithkline1927 Words   |  8 Pages GSK Analysis This paper covers the information given from the bribery scandal that GSK paid off the Chinese government and doctors in the country. This analysis will take a look at what happened, what went wrong and the conclusion for the company looking in the future to do business in China. The company’s response is a key issue in how they came back from such a detrimental hit in a growing market. There are a number of factors that will be interpreted and discussed for the future dealingsRead MoreIA1 Essay1918 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ GlaxoSmithKline in China Case Study 1 Khoa Nguyen AMBA 660 9043 Introduction There has been a lot of increase in expanding companies throughout other countries. In order for a CEO of a company based in USA to move some of its operations to China, it’s best to understand the foreign and local policy that is in placed in China and the bribery scandal that involved four employees of GlaxoSmithKline. This case study will examined the GSK scandal by analyzing the case that involved theRead MoreThe Relationship Between Uk Shareholder Voting And Executive Pay1092 Words   |  5 Pagessecond advantage is enhance the transparency, accountability and governance.This new regulation require boards publish directors’ compensation reports add to annual reporting, and disclose individual managers’ unreasonable payment.Under the fraud and financial scandals increase frequence and severe cases, the shareholders ask to improve the transparency of compensation and thereby make more perfect rule of corporate governance. M. B. Kimbro and D. Xu(2013) expres sed the view that excessive executive compensationRead MorePlan and Response for a Chief Nursing Officer2325 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Chief Nursing Officer: Plan and Response The reality is that healthcare fraud negatively impacts everyone in the nation. Health care identity theft dominated all other crimes in the sector last year, according to Louis Saccoccio, executive director of the National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association (NHCAA), an advocacy group whose members include insurers, law enforcement and regulatory agencies (Kavilanz, 2010). Groups of organized criminals are hacking into the digital databases of healthcareRead MoreCase Analysis : Pharmaceutical Company2946 Words   |  12 PagesChinese operations would be replaced by Herve Gisserot (Quelch Rodriquez, 2013). GSK began taking action by dimissing more than 100 employees in China as disceplanery action or those who did not uphold GSK’s code of conduct during the 2013 bribery scandal (Ward, 2015). These dismissals were not made until 2015, after the company was found guilty by a Chinese court in September 2014. GSK was fined almost $500 million and the four executives along with Reilly were convicted of bribery-related chargesRead MoreQui Tam Actions Seminar Paper5679 Words   |  23 Pagesbounties as enacted under these Acts, including language of the statutes and the requirements placed upon the whistleblower in order to be eligible for these bounties. Part II will provide a discussion of Cheryl Eckard’s qui tam action against GlaxoSmithKline for violations under the FCA which resulted in the highest whistleblower bounty award to date, $96 million. Part III will examine how the bounty scheme under the FCA in the area of federal procurement has affected the strength and avail abilityRead MoreCase Study : Pharmacare Company s Human Rights Issues Presented By Pharmacare s Treatment1796 Words   |  8 Pagestraced through the case with GlaxoSmithKline, which is one of the top global vaccine manufacturers. The company was fined up to eighty-eight thousand dollars for conducting the illegal lab vaccine trials between 2007 and 2008, which caused the death of fourteen babies. Such unethical behavior and absence of procedural standards discovered the vaccine scandal in the developed world. Such fine was realized as the largest ever and in health care, it became the largest fraud in the history of U.S. SuchRead MoreBig Pharma2583 Words   |  11 Pagesof ways to reach out to the public to advertise on their latest and greatest drugs; from television and radio spots to newspaper and internet ads. The advertising budget for the drug companies have sky-rocketed to a significant sum. In 2007, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)s biggest advertising price tag was attached to Adva ir, the firms blockbuster asthma medication, which rung up US$127 million in advertising spending. The total amount of money spent on marketing by pharmaceuticals was U.S. $57.5 billionRead MoreLaundering Act 2010 Of Britain, Canada And China2161 Words   |  9 Pagesare found guilty of bribery, taking bribes or bribe officials may be both fined up to 10 years in prison and a fine, while the company may be imposed unlimited fine. For exmple, according to a report by the BBC, on December 3, 2013, the British anti-fraud office announced that it would start the foreign bribery and corruption probe of the British engine maker, Rolls Royce. Moreover, Rolls Royce was accused to pay bribes to Chen xin, former executive of Chinese International Airlines and ChineseRead MoreAudit Plan- Glaxosmithkline4420 Words   |  18 PagesAudit Plan- GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) Key business and audit risk: In order to make the report more efficient we must identify the key areas of business risk and auditing risk. Business risk can be defined as the risk, which could affect an organization’s ability to achieve its objectives (Gray and Manson, 2007). Audit risk is defined as the risk that the auditor gives an inappropriate audit opinion when the financial statements are materially misstated (Soltani, 2007). In Gray and Manson (2007)’s

Modified Calcium and Potassium Diets - 1194 Words

Modified Calcium and Potassium Diets Morgan Tilley West Coast University NURS211L The mineral that is the most plentiful in the body is calcium. It is mainly found in bones and teeth but also in plasma and other fluids within the body. Calcium plays an important role in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle contraction and relaxation, cell membrane permeability and the activation of certain enzymes, along with protecting against colorectal cancer. The intake of calcium or dairy products is associated with lower blood pressures, controlling body weight and obesity. Potassium in the human body is largely located in the cells as the major cation of the intracellular fluid. There is also a small amount of potassium in the†¦show more content†¦Although medications are very effective, lifestyle and dietary changes can help treat or prevent high blood pressure more effectively. Potassium works with sodium to regulate the body’s water balance. The kidneys help to control the blood pressure by controlling the amount of fluid stored in the body. Therefore, the more fluid then the higher the blood pressure is. The kidneys do this by filtering out the blood and extracting any extra fluid, which then is stored in the bladder as urine. This is done very delicately as both sodium and potassium pull the water across the wall of the cells from the bloodstream into a collecting channel that leads to the bladder. When eating to much salt, the amount of sodium in the bloodstream will be imbalanced compared to the amount of potassium and thus reducing the ability of the kidneys remove the extra fluid. Eating more fruit and vegetables, the potassium levels increase and can help restore the chemical imbalance. However, there is a possibility of too much potassium, also known as hyperkalemia, which can lead to other issues like renal failure. Calcium can sometimes act like a natural diuretic, helping the kidneys release sodium and water. Also, when calcium levels in the blood drop, parathyroid hormone (PTH) is released, which causes calcium to be released from the bones to increase calcium blood levels and PTH can raise blood pressure. Scientists are still trying to figure out how and why, butShow MoreRelatedDiet Analysis : Personal Analysis Of A Modified Diet837 Words   |  4 PagesAfter analyzing my modified diet, there were both significant improvements and I met most of my targets for various food groups and vitamins. I met the target for calories as well as added sugar. I also met the requirements for fruits and grains. I am over the target for the general vegetables category, but I am under for starchy, other, red and orange vegetables. However, I am over for dark green vegetables. I met the requirements for dairy, protein, and seafood. Likewise, I am at the target amountRead MoreProblems With Chronic Renal Failur e1306 Words   |  6 Pagespostoperatively there. After transplant, rejection medications will need to be taken. Mark will need to take medication daily now that he is diagnosed with CRF. He will be on vitamins and minerals that he will need to help supplement from his heavily restricted diet. A major side effect of CRF is hypertension, high blood pressure, this will need to be treated with medications. He may have to take two or more blood pressure meds to keep his blood pressure controlled. An example is an angiotensin-converting enzymeRead MoreThe Height Of Dietary Methods For Stop Hypertension ) Diet Plan1558 Words   |  7 PagesHypertension) diet plan is the first which aims to avoid hypertension and, by doing so, to reduce the risk of various heart diseases. It is also an ideal diet plan to maintain good overall health. As a full-time student I frequently have little time to prepare a meal which is full of all the nutrients one requires. The DASH diet is a great way to maintain a healthy lifestyle and avoid any heart diseases, even when living a very busy lifestyle, therefore I decided to choose the DASH diet. StatisticsRead MoreSalt Reduction: What Happens When You Comsume to Much Sodium?1670 Words   |  7 Pagescentury, tend to be incompatible with our metabolic system and often as a result, produce a series of diseases (Eaton et al., 1997). Apart from this continuous changes in diet with respect to that of our ancestors, one of the main inconsistencies that have been distinguished is the significant difference in sodium (Na) and potassium (K) consumption (Eaton et al., 1997). In this aspect, the current K intake is about 25% that was estimated during the Paleolithic Period, while Na intake is five times higherRead MoreMetabolism : Risk For Injury Patients With Diabetes And Osteoporosis Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagespatients. This will also cause changes in LOC, which can be extremely dangerous for an older patient (Pearson, 2015). Also, fluid and electrolyte imbalances that may occur from polyuria or polydipsia related to diabetes may cause alterations in serum potassium and sodium levels, which, may cause cardiovascular and neurologic disturbances (Pearson, 2015). Other risk factors include environmental hazards and alterations in sensation, such as peripheral neuropathy (Ladwig, Ackley, Makic, 2017). Risk factorsRead MoreSports Athlete : Michael Jeffrey Jordan937 Words   |  4 PagesAND DIET: PRE-SEASON - The period of time before the regular season Michael didn t eat sugar, carbs, or dairy for 67 straight days this summer. He subsisted on meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables — and lost a startling amount of weight in the process. It s a modified version of a paleo diet, the fad diet in which people eat as humans did thousands of years ago. MID-SEASON - A point part way through a season, especially a season of the year or a sporting season. Michael follows a 4 week diet planRead MoreMcdonalds, Burger King, And Taco Bell1800 Words   |  8 Pagesand school, many turn to these unhealthy choices to save time. This fast food epidemic has led to child obesity, adult obesity, and much more cases of diabetes. Now, children and even adults don’t know the normal food portions to eat or the correct diet to follow. This paper will go over three major fast food chains, McDonald’s, Burger King, and Taco Bell, the statistics of child obesity, and the effect of unknown ingredients. With over 36,000 restaurants in 119 countries and 1.9 million employeesRead MoreKidney Disease Can Affect Children In Various Ways, Ranging1689 Words   |  7 Pagessymptomatic and present with oliguria, edema, fatigue or tiredness, shortness of breath, hypertension, nausea, confusion, seizures or coma (Rahman et al., 2012). Based primarily on urinalysis and blood chemistry results BUN, sCreat, sodium, potassium, and calcium levels (London et al., 2017). The gold standard to diagnose these injuries is kidney biopsy (Faught et al., 2015). It is important to identify the disease early because it might be reversible by stopping the offending agents (Chang et al.Read MoreStudy Guide for Human Nutrition Test2557 Words   |  11 Pagesduring exercise †¢ Spares CHO for prolonged, intense training or competition Protein Needs -Increased for athletes -Recreational endurance athletes †¢ Equal or slightly higher than the RDA -Young athletes who are growing †¢ High-PTN, low-CHO diet for athletes †¢ NOT recommended †¢ Too low in energy CHO to support training performance 3) Effects of dehydration and Heat Illnesses Fluid Needs *****Functions of water †¢ Lubricant that bathes tissues and cells †¢ Transportation of nutrientsRead More17 Day Diet Analysis On Diet1306 Words   |  6 Pages Professor Karen Orlowski Biology 1322 10 October 2014 â€Å"17 Day Diet Analysis† The 17 Day diet is a diet that claims to help you lose weight quickly but in a safe and effective way. The diet has four, 17-day cycles that change in order to keep your body â€Å"guessing.† According to WebMd (2013), the way that the diet works is every 17 days it changes your calorie count and food combinations. The 17 Day diet promotes lean protein, good fats, and probiotics and highly opposes fried, fatty, processed,

Weather Investigation Free Essays

Aim: To record the temperature around School to try to discover if there is a microclimate. Hypothesis: There is a microclimate around the school. The temperature will change. We will write a custom essay sample on Weather Investigation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Geographical Theory What is a microclimate? The climate of a small, specific place within a larger area. An area as small as a yard or park can have several different microclimates depending on how much sunlight, shade, or exposure to the wind there is at a particular spot. Compare macroclimate. Plan: In my experiment I am going to measure * Wind speed * Wind direction * Temperature- caretakers room, the English room, Italian room, tree by tennis courts * Air pressure * Rain fall * Cloud cover Method 1) Firstly, we went to the Geography room where we took a look at the Barometer. We read the black needle and then turned the gold needle to the black needle so that tomorrow we would be able to read the air pressure for today. 2) Then we went outside to the rain gauge near the pond. We lifted it up and read how many millimetres of water were inside it. We then emptied it so that tomorrow we cold read from fresh. 3) Next, we went to the tennis courts and measured the wind speed and wind direction using an anemometer and our finger. To use the anemometer you need to hold the digital reader in your hand and lift the other part until you get the highest reading. We licked our finger to find the wing direction and also used a compass then where our finger felt the coldest was where the wing was coming from. 4) We the measured the cloud cover by using observation and counted the number of clods comparing it in eighths. 5) Finally, we measured the temperature around the school reading the results from four different thermometers situated in four different places around the school. These are: the Italian room, the English room, the tennis courts and outside the caretakers room. We measured the current temperature from a normal thermometer and the lowest and highest temperature of the day from a max. min. thermometer. Analysis On Wednesday there was the least amount of air pressure but the most amount of rainfall. It also had the slowest wind speed but the highest number of oktas. Also,on Friday there was the most amounts of air pressure and the lowest number of oktas for the cloud cover. Description of results: On Monday the air pressure amount was between the highest and lowest amount, 998 mb. It had a lot of rainfall of 10 mm and the highest fastest wind speed of 6.4 ms going into the direction of east and 7 oktas for cloud cover. On Tuesday it had the second smallest amount of air pressure of 989 mb and the median amount of rainfall which is 5.5 mm. The wind speed was one of the slowest as it was only 5.1 ms heading east. There were 6 oktas for cloud cover. On Wednesday there was the least amount of air pressure with 981 mb and the most rainfall which is 11.5 mm. It had the slowest of wind speed of 0.75 ms heading south – east and the most cloud cover of 7 oktas. On Thursday it was a median amount of air pressure, 998 mb and the second smallest amount of rainfall with 5 mm but on that day the rain gauge tipped over so 5 mm was not the correct result. There was a wind speed of 5.9 heading south and the cloud cover was of 6 oktas. Lastly on Friday there was the highest amount of air pressure, 1012 mb and the lowest amount of rainfall which was 1.8mm. The wind speed consisted of 6 heading north the cloud cover being 5 oktas as the lowest. Conclusion I have concluded that there is a microclimate in different places around St Michael’s Grammar School. But on certain days it was more obvious then others. This is because all the temperatures are varied because of small changes such as facing south- which is where the sun is, or if there is a building in the way which can block sunlight, or if the weather is cloudy, which blocks the sun from getting to a certain area, which changes the temperature in the different areas. Evaluation This investigation was quite accurate but there are a few ways I would make this better. First of all I would make sure that the rain gauge is straight and steady so that it collects the right amount of rain that should be collected so that the rainfall results will be completely 100% accurate. Next I would make sure that the wind speed results are correct as well by using the anemometer properly and waiting longer for the highest amount of wind speed so that we can get a larger result. Another thing is to reset the temperature everyday at the exact minute from the past 24 hours so that the temperature will be accurate for every day. Overall the investigation had reasonably accurate results and there are ways to improve it but it in the end it was a great weather investigation. How to cite Weather Investigation, Papers

A good man is hard to find ana Essay Example For Students

A good man is hard to find ana Essay In her short story A Good Man is Hard to Find Flannery OConnor seems to portray a feeling that society as she saw it was drastically changing for the worse. OConnors obvious displeasure with society at the time is most likely a result of her Catholic religion and her very conservative upbringing in the old south. She seems to depict her opinion in this particular story by using the character of the grandmother to show what she saw was happening to the times. Evidence of societys demise is woven into the story, and presented through an interesting generation gap between the grandmother and her family. The grandmother is representative of devoutness and Christianity which OConnor apparently believed to be more prevalent in the glamorous Old South. Attention to prim detail separated the grandmother from the rest of her family who seemed to be living in a different world than she. As she organized herself in preparation for the trip, her family was described as rather common people living in a frusturated middle class world. OConnor described the old woman as she settled herself comfortably, removing her white cotton gloves and putting them up with her purse on the shelf in front of the back window. The childrens mother still had on slacks and still had her head tied up in a green kerchief but the grandmother had on a navy blue straw sailor hat with a bunch of white violets on the brim and a navy blue dress with a small white dot in the print. Her collar and cuffs were white organdy trimmed with lace, and at her neckline she had pinned a purple spray of cloth violets containing a sachet. In case of an accident, anyone seeing her dead on the highway would know at once she was a lady. The parents pay little attention to the grandmother and when they do, they are often quite rude. The unruly children are representative of the breakdown of respect, and discipline, and are consequently a forecast of future generations. They constantly demean the grandmother and at one point, June Star even complains that her grandmother has to go everywhere they go right to her face. OConnor seems to be illustrating not only how times are changing, but how the future generations have no respect for thier precedents. The Misfit represents evil. At one point the Misfit likens himself to Christ, in that they both were punished for crimes they did not commit. Christ accepted death for the sins of all people, however. The Misfit is in a constant battle against his fate that he sees himself being punished without any cause. Although he resists this Christ-like existence he has, he kills other innocent people not to save them, but because its the only real pleasure in life. Near the end of the ordeal, the grandmother recognizes the shirt the Misfit has put on as her sons shirt. Upon observing this image, she realizes that to be truly Christlike, she is going to have to forgive the Misfit and accept him as a child of God. At this point, the Misfit also has a revelation. His lesson however, is that by killing the grandmother, he helped her find God and therefore realizes that he does have a purpose in the world, that he will have to answer to a higher power sooner or later. Flannery OConnor was deeply concerned with the values and the direction of the youth of her time. She believed that Christ was no longer enough of a priority to the people of her generation. A Good Man is Hard to Find is representative of Flannery OConnors concern for the priorities and values of the 1940s. .

Xscape by Michael Jackson free essay sample

Michael Jackson finally released his new album, Xscape, the most anticipated album of the year on May thirteenth. Nearly five years after his death, The King of Pop remains an influence the music industry and as an inspiration to all. The songs off the album were originally recorded between the years 1983 and 1979 but were never released. Now over twenty years later, the tracks were reworked and now are released. The album had everything I had hoped for; it maintained his classic music style which brought back the memories of Michael’s music and how he changed the world. Anyone could listen to Michael’s music; no matter what age, race or sex you were his music appealed to all. Michael was and will always be The King of Pop

Celia Behind Me essays

Celia Behind Me essays The short story is about a group of girls, but its mainly about two of the girls; Celia and Elizabeth. The girls are about nine years old, but Celia has failed once, and is therefore one class behind the others. Celia is always following the other girls, on their way home from school. They hate it and dont want to be with her, because she is a nerd. She is a diabetic, chubby and wears big glasses and that really makes her an easy victim. Elizabeth is a part of the group, but if it wasnt for Celia, she knows that she would be the next in line to get mobbed and teased by the others. That really worries her. Elizabeths mother always tells Elizabeth to be nice to Celia and to treat her with respect, but Elizabeth is to stubborn to see that her mother is right. One day at school a rich girl from Grade 4, who name is Sandra has some milk-chocolate, which she is giving little pieces of to Elizabeths classmates. Elizabeth asks if she can have some, but Sandra says that the last bit is for Celia. Celia explains that she cant eat it because she is a diabetic. Then Elizabeth again asks if she can get it, but instead of giving her the piece of chocolate, Sandra starts to say that Suckybabies cant have candy. The reason that Sandra is calling Elizabeth for a Suckybaby is because she sucked her thumb, when she was younger. Later that day on the way home from school, the girls slide down a snowy slope. Suddenly the other girls (except Celia) are beginning to mob Elizabeth by jelling Sucky. Elizabeth looses her temper and starts to beat up Celia. After some time Celia forgives Elizabeth, but Elizabeth will never forgive Celia for making her life miserable. Celia dies at seventeen probably of diabetes. The themes of Celia Behind Me has to be; ...

Technical Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technical Communication - Essay Example The technical communication differs from academic essay writing for other classes. The research focuses on the variance between other academic essays and the technical communication report. The research focuses on the step by step procedures to be implemented by the readers of the technical communication report. The technical communication, unlike the academic essay, always includes the use of technical language. The research includes a study of the similarities between the technical communication and the academic essay. The technical communications report is a step by step explanation of what should be done to accomplish the organization’s expected end product.In terms of characteristics, the technical communication document (accounting technology communications report) found qualifies as a technical communication. According to Michael Albers (39), the document teaches the procedural steps, unlike the academic essays, to prepare the company’s balance sheet and income s tatement. First, the document explains which accounting account title should be debited or credited for every business transaction that occurs in one day. Second, the document dictates that there should have equal total amounts for both the debit entry total and the credit entry total for the journal entry of each business transaction. Next, the document explains each of the intricate steps in transferring the journal entries to the ledger books. Next, the document explains that the balances of each ledger account balances must be transferred to the worksheet.

How International Business Can Effectively Compete in the Global Research Paper

How International Business Can Effectively Compete in the Global Market - Research Paper Example International logistics involves proper targeting and tiering. In the process, instead of applying a standardized supply chain services, the supply chain is marched with the requirement of each segment. Theories have found out that supply chain does not bring any competition to companies (Harrison and Hoek, 2005). International competition requires targeting and tiering as this will improve the supply chain, versatility and also improves the profit of the company making it great. There is also set by the managers to look keenly on human factors of international supply chain (Harrison and Hoek, 2008). Factors for competition in the market such as government instability, strikes by workers, holidays, unfavorable weather conditions and other unpredictable factors are only worsened when there are done in an international setting. Effective logistic function in an international marketplace is also done through evolving role and individual plants. In the current study the three main components that lead to success in the international setting are human resources, the processes used by the managers and the technology that is applied in the processes. Management of the relationship that a company has with the others also helps in effective competition in a marketplace (Pienaar and Vogt, 2012). The relationship will improve agreements on labor, environment implications and community development. Managers who are logistically skilled do not only consider packaging in their company but also focus on needs of the community for effective competition. Reconfiguration of process internationally supports the growth in the goals in a global marketplace. It involves the reconfiguration of technology that is used in the processes of the company. Critical and creative skills are needed in solving challenges that occur in international marketplace (Pienaar

Philosophy of Hans Jonas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Philosophy of Hans Jonas - Essay Example Hans Jonas studied the philosophy of biology and at some point made the whole theory belong to him, this resulted in many philosophers following suite. It is for this reason that the philosophy of biology has become an independent subject of its own and this was realized fifty decades ago. Hans Jonas’s thought of biology in terms of life and this made his work willingly easier. For him, life was not just a living presence but also a cognitive science of a living being. Many philosophers of biology ignored to cover the traditional mechanism of life in a living being and instead covered the theory of modern biology. Philosophy of Hans Jonas Hans Jonas discovered the phenomenal origin of life in relations to biology, and this quickly changed into a venture of philosophy. Hans Jonas justified the thought between God’s creation and the existence of life on earth. From the introduction of Deoxyribonucleic acid (D.N.A) to the study of psychology, biology has become an importan t aspect in life. Hans Jonas examined that the philosophy of biology can sometimes be interpreted in the same concept as theoretical biology. This is because of the mathematical concept involved in the study of medicine in theoretical biology. Hans Jonas made the study even more related to the philosophy of biology by using genes to examine both theories of biology. According to Hans Jonas, the main issue facing many scientists is doing a research on the living beings without the experimental exploitation. Hans Jonas stresses out that the main solution is putting across and explaining the individual rights to biological theories. The medical experts have attributed outbreak of various diseases to lack of human experiments. Hans Jonas examines the philosophy of biology and reflects on the justification of medical experiments on human beings. Hans Jonas also ponders on life as an experience that might have biological experiments of its own. According to him, not all aspects of life re quire biological attention as some human beings justify life as an experience. Though some philosophers have linked the two to biology, Jonas has come out to differentiate the two as stemming back to the traditional examination of biology. Hans Jonas has used this approach to differentiate the biblical theory of life from the philosophy of biology. Though Hans Jonas does not criticize the biblical concept attributed to life, he acknowledges the biological concept as an easier understanding of life. Hans Jonas has categorized life in three aspects and this has enabled many philosophers to understand biology more easily and as a result put it in their own understanding. Being is the first classification that Hans Jonas used to examine life. He acknowledged that without life, there would not be in existence any living being. He ponders this theory of life as a mortal tension between being and nonbeing. According to him, the idea of death causes trauma in the minds of every being. Birth is more an intellectual theory of life than death and Han Jonas examines that all beings would welcome the idea of birth more than death. Self and world is the second classification that Hans Jonas used to relate life to biology. Hans Jonas ponders into the idea that once an individual is born then he considers himself to be alone in this world. According to him, alone would mean owning your own life and not the physical self. He examines the fact that an individual has an access to his own life and therefore

Role Of Women In Things Fall Apart English Literature Essay

Role Of Women In Things Fall Apart English Literature Essay In telling an African story, it is impossible to do so without mentioning the women who take part in many of the activities in a society. This is why different stories bring out women and their roles in the society although the stories may not be talking about a woman as the main character. Things fall apart is no different in bringing out the role of the women in a traditional African setting. Women play pivotal roles in Educational, Religious and Social care in the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe. In Things fall apart, women are featured as the main childrens educators. They do these by telling them stories, teaching them the ethics of socializing with other people and good behavior especially to the girl child, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦children sat around their mothers cooking fire telling storiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, (Achebe 25). The children are taught good values and morals by their parents and in this case, their mothers, who encourage them to develop social values and good interaction skills. The woman was regarded as an inferior object in the society but this did not turn her down from performing her societal roles especially that of being the educator of the children. The upbringing of a child is what determines what the child will be in the future. In the Ibo community, the rearing of a child was solely the role of the woman who was supposed to make sure that the child was well conversant with the customs and rules of the society. The knowledge of the societal norms was all of importance to the mother as she needed to educate the children about them. This was to avoid situations where the child would be in trouble for dishonoring the highly regarded goddesses or leaders of the community which would be a disgrace to the family especially the father who would put the blame on the mother and possibly beat her. Therefore, in a society which is dominated by men, the woman had to be very careful about the reputation the man would have in the society if certain unfortunate things happened may be from the behavior of the children or herself which is the reason why mother education to the children was important. The womans reputation depended on that of t he man which was important for the woman to protect. The women were also involved in religious matters and this can be presented in various ways. The women belonged to the religion of Ibo. They regularly played the part of the priestess. In the early days, a woman by the name of Chika is seen as a priestess. She is the former priestess of the oracle during Unokas time. This woman was very powerful and respected by the people (Achebe 17). Thus she portrays the role of women in religious matters. Currently, Chielo is the priestess who is also the hills and caves oracle, She was the priestess of Agbala, the Oracle of the Hills and the caves, (Achebe 35). In other words, women are seen taking a great part in religion in the community, for instance, as priestesses. The woman is seen to have a lot of religious power. This is evident when Chielo, a religious woman, orders and threatens Okonkwo to surrender himself and his daughter to Agbala who wished to see her. After she warns him, Okonkwo gives in to the idea. Women in this case are seen as powerful spiritual leaders who can warn and order their followers in order to do the right thing that is expected of them by the religion and in this case in the society of Ibo. Ani was the goddess of the earth. She was responsible for making sure that the society observed the right conduct and morals. Ani worked closely with the dead clan members who had their bodies committed to the earth (Achebe 36). The community also believed that they had to honor the earth goddess for blessings in order to have their yam crops grow. This was done by the members of the clan who had to strictly observe the peace week before the harvests (Achebe 30). The woman is seen to have such great spiritual power, honor and respect which are beneficial to the society and which must be respected in order for something good to happen like plenty harvests. The clan members are greatly worried about having such little harvests when the peace of the earth goddess, Ani, is broken by Okonkwo when he battered his wife. Wife battering was not allowed on the peace week (Achebe 30). The women were also involved in solving problems of a social nature. The mother acts as the comfort not only to children but also to other men who have problems. The workforce consisted of a lot of women. They performed many strenuous tasks that were only separated for them and that men could not perform. Painting of Egwugwus house was done by women (84).They were also supposed to entertain the children at all times and make them grow in an artistic manner (EmenyoÃÅ' ²nu and Uko 178). The woman is seen as a powerful object that is able to encourage people when feeling low and demotivated. When the men face some social problems like neglect, the woman acts to encourage them. Thus, it is said that the mother is a superior being who does not abandon her children in all situations in life, for instance Okonkwo who is rejected after killing the son of Ezeudu. It is believed that a male child is his fathers only when life seems to be flowing well but when in trouble, it his mothers. This is better depicted by the uncle of Okonkwo who then persuades him to go back to his mother as she will accept him at all situations. Despite all this the mother does not judge or discriminate them. The woman is considered to be the forgiving and understanding being who can never reject or look down upon anyone and who will provide help whenever she can. This is a very important role. There are two marriages that are talked about that the writer uses them to show the meaning of having a woman in the Igbo society. They are the makers of a home, the prospecting mothers, and people who help men in certain tasks. In any man-woman relationship, children are the most important and valuable gifts that they can be given which is not different in this community where the woman is considered as an important part of the family bearing process (EmenyoÃÅ' ²nu and Uko 176). Although in an indirect manner, the importance of a woman and in this case, the first wife in the Ibo society is portrayed in a celebration held at the Obi of Nwakibie whereby the other wives are not allowed to drink wine before her arrival (Achebe 22). The first wife is thus shown special respect and recognition in the Ibo community. The name Agbala in the Ibo community means a woman or a title less man. In his early childhood, Okonkwo felt disrespected when called the name Agbala as the peers were teasing him and more so his father who was seen as a weakling. This really tormented him and made him become obsessed with consideration of social status above everything else. Okonkwo struggled so much never to be associated with anything weak as anything weak was likened to a woman and vice versa. Nwoye who is the son of Okonkwo from his first wife is also insulted by being viewed as woman-like just because Okonkwo is reminded of his father when he sees him. In this context we see the woman being looked down upon by the whole Ibo community as a weak being. The men who are not courageous and violent are also seen to be as weak as women meaning that the societys perception of women is that of a person who is not strong and is weak (Whittaker and Msiska 64). The woman is generally looked down upon. We see Okonkwo being punished for disrupting the peace of the earth goddess but not for buttering his wife. To them wife buttery is not a crime as according to the society, the woman is only there to give birth, to perform house chores and cook for the husband and also to be beaten. This is just how cruel the man is (Whittaker and Msiska 65). The story was written in the times when the only important being in the society was seen as the man and not the woman. The children who turned out to be disgraceful to the society were all demeaned and likened to a woman. To add to this, the woman would be blamed for poor upbringing of the children as that was solely considered as her role (Okpewho 34). The story however shows some respect for few female figures that seem to be very significant to the society, for instance, the women spiritual leaders. The respect shown to them is not because they are women but because the society demands that they be respected for their important roles in divine intervention. The women also show strong leadership, power and prowess in their work (Okoye 45). Although the woman is not the main character in this story, it is clear that she plays a big role and cannot be ignored when talking about the story. The roles discussed above show clearly that the woman plays a pivotal role in Educational, Religious and Social issues.

Catherine II :: essays research papers

"Women fell under her spell as well as men, for underlying her engaging femininity was a masculine strength which gave her the courage to present a bland and smiling mask in the face of the greatest tribulations." Sophia Augusta Frederica was born into a small Prussian kingdom in 1729. Her hometown was in Stettin, Germany. Her birth was a great disappointment to her parents, her father, Prince Christian August of Anhalt- Zerbst and her mother, Johanna Elizabeth, daughter of the prince of Holstein – Gottorp. Both parents had hoped for a son. After they did finally have a son, she was neglected even more. Although, when her parents discovered that she had a good memory, they encouraged her to study religion, history and geography. Besides learning, Sophia also became more interested in hunting and riding horses rather than what were considered more feminine past times and was somewhat of a tomboy. Throughout her life, her mother only spoke to her to criticize her. Her father cared very much for her, but was too engrossed with his military work to show her much affection. She spent much time with her governess who taught her to question everything and everybody and to trust her own common sense. Her guidance from her governess and her ability to be independent at a young age helped her to later become a strong leader. At a very young age, she wished to marry her second cousin, Peter Ulrich, who later changed his name to Peter Fyodorvich. Elizabeth I of Russia chose her to marry her son, Peter Fyodorvich. Catherine prepared for the role of czarina by studying the Russian language intently. Love played no role in her thoughts to marry Peter; Catherine was only interested in the throne. As a strict Lutheran, Catherine’s father was very unhappy about Catherine marrying a Russian Orthodox. Her father wrote her letters begging her not to abandon Lutheranism. Catherine was determined to gain the respect of the Russian orthodox, so when she became deathly ill, she called for a Russian orthodox priest instead of a Lutheran. She won the trust and sympathy of Russia. On June 28, 1744, Catherine was baptized into the Russian orthodox faith. The next day she and peter Fyodovich had an elaborate betrothal at the Cathedral of St. Sophia. She married Peter in August of1745, and their marriage was a disaster from the beginning. Peter was very immature and spent most of his time playing with toy soldiers. 2/1/952 "The marriage was a complete failure. The following eighteen years were filled with deception and humiliation for her." Peter hurt Catherine deeply when he told her of women in the court that he loved