Olmstead V. United States (1928) Essay -- essays research papers

Olmstead v. US (1928) Conclusion conveyed by Chief Justice Taft Vote: 5-4 Case arrived at Supreme Court by writ of certiorari. Realities:      The proof in the records uncovers an intrigue of astonishing extent to import, have, and sell alcohol unlawfully. Included were at least fifty workers, two maritime vessels for transportation of the merchandise to English Columbia, a farm past the city furthest reaches of Seattle with a huge underground reserve to store the alcohol, and numerous different reserves around the region of Seattle, a kept up city office with administrators, secretaries, sales reps, deliverymen, dispatchers, accountants, authorities, scouts, and a lawyer. Olmstead was the main schemer and chief of the business. His contributed capital brought him 50 percent of the all out pay of the organization (said to be more than 2 million/year), and the other 50 percent went to 11 different financial specialists.      In the principle place of business there were three distinct phones with separate lines for each. Phone correspondence was made all through the city, the homes of the speculators, clients, Vancouver, to and from the workplace building and farm. Times were fixed for the conveyance of the "stuff" to places along the Puget Sound and from that point was moved to the different reserves.      The data prompting the captures was made principally by four Government disallowance officials. The officials set sma...

Expression of Desires In Arabic Women’s Novels :: Arab Culture Cultural Essays

Articulation of Desires In Arabic Women’s Novels Picking a unique and drawing in subject that can traverse each of the five of the altogether different authors’ books we analyzed this semester end up being a troublesome undertaking. In spite of the fact that there are unquestionably likenesses between each book and overlying subjects that interface them, at last I didn’t need to get secured into the tricky and hazardous region of setting books together exclusively in light of the fact that one, they are completely composed by ladies; or two, they all develop out of the Arabic world. Be that as it may, there are surely expansive subjects present in the entirety of the books, and I decided to concentrate on how ladies express, or can’t express their wants and needs, and how the capacity to do so prompts organization and opportunity in one’s own life. A woman’s wants, sexual and something else, appears to be shockingly stifled or not permitted in every novel. At the point when it emerges, it appears that again and again one’s own craving is supplanted with the should be alluring for men, thus these women’s needs are put aside for the male protagonists’ wishes. I need to investigate this theme in every novel, investigating when a lady can communicate want, when it must give way and come in just short of the win to a man’s needs, and how, eventually, it appears to free the ladies who decided to make their own way as per their needs, dreams, and objectives. As we finish the semester and close our conversations on Arabic ladies, I think it’s essential to take note of that however on occasion these ladies have organization in their lives, frequently, in spite of various childhoods, social/political/financial status, areas of home, and direct contact with Western impact, they are at last incapab le to assume all out responsibility for their own lives. Clearly there are differing degrees to which this is material, and absolutely a portion of the ladies are more grounded than others, however by and large, I think a key message that these female creators are conveying is that women’s battle for opportunity and fairness is as yet a fight that is being battled - everywhere throughout the world without a doubt, yet positively in the Middle East. Mainstays of Salt, maybe the novel with the most grounded female character, is the one novel where want is seen and nothing prevents Maha from communicating her needs, both explicitly and when it concerns her significant other, child, and father.

How to Keep in Touch with Friends from High School

Instructions to Keep in Touch with Friends from High School While school frequently prompts another city, another school, and new companions, your new school life doesnt need to come to the detriment of your secondary school companions. In any case, how precisely would you be able to stay in contact with your companions from secondary school when youre caught up with dealing with all that school brings to the table? Utilize Social Media Things like Facebook and Twitter are likely effectively a piece of your public activity. As you progress from secondary school to school, utilizing web based life to keep your companions refreshed and to remain refreshed about them can move from something important to something significant for your fellowship. With a little work, you can remain educated about relationship refreshes, school changes, and the general good and bad times of your companions lives. Utilize the Phone and Video Chat Utilizing instruments like Facebook can be extraordinary however they are regularly a somewhat inactive method for staying in contact with somebody. Without a doubt, a companions notice may state a certain something, however a sincere visit on the telephone can let you know a great deal more. While they dont need to happen habitually, calls and video visits can be a significant piece of how you stay in contact with your secondary school companions. Use IM You truly need to complete your paper yet your mind needs a break. That being stated, you dont fundamentally possess the energy for a call or video visit. The arrangement? Consider a snappy IM discussion with one of your secondary school companions. You can offer your cerebrum a reprieve while likewise checking in with a companion. Think of it as a success win circumstance (as long as you return to your paper inside a couple of moments, obviously). Use Email You might be accustomed to conveying by means of instant messages, IM, and video talk, however email can likewise be an incredible apparatus. At the point when its 3:00 in the first part of the day and you need something to do to move your mind from your Shakespeare paper to rest mode, consider putting in no time flat drafting an email to an old secondary school companion. Update them about your own school life while requesting the most recent news on their end. Get Together Whenever Possible ​No matter how incredible innovation is, theres simply not at all like an up close and personal gathering. Meeting up face to face is significant if youd like to keep up your secondary school connections both during and after school. Keep in mind that you can get together in a wide range of spots: back in your old neighborhood, at your grounds, at your companions grounds, or even some place fun you both have for a long while been itching to go. (Vegas, anybody?)

Police Militarilisation Essay - 550 Words

Police Militarilisation (Essay Sample) Content: Police Militarization Professors namePolice militarization is the process by which police forces increasingly use and apply military ideologies. Militarization involves arming, organizing, planning, training for and the use of force and threats of violence in solving problems and conflicts. Many countries in the world are adopting the trend of police militarization in various degrees. Police departments are increasingly using military equipment such assault weapons and armored personnel carriers and applying more aggressive policing styles.The extent of police militarization can be best analyzed using the four dimensions of the military model. These four dimensions include; material, cultural, organizational and operational indicators (Kraska, 2007). Material indicators reveal the extent of the use of military weaponry, equipment, and advanced military technology in the police force. Cultural indicators show the extent in the use of martial language, military style of dressing and the application of military beliefs and values in the police force.Operational indicators, on the other hand, depict the extent in which patterns of activity in the police force are modeled after the military in areas relating to intelligence, supervision, handling high-risk situations and so forth. Lastly, organizational indicators reveal the extent in the use of elite squads of officers, the use of martial agreements such as command and control centers and so forth in the police departments. The lower the indicator ranking, the lower the degree of militarization and vice versa.The military can work together with the police in situations involving combat of terrorism, counterdrug operations, civil disturbances and so forth. The activities that are carried out by both the police and the military have a degree of criminal and terrorist activity. The military in such high-risk operations provides the intelligence and necessary weaponry when the condition escalates. They also carry out patrol operations in high-crime areas. Police, on the other hand, complement military efforts through their policing missions.The SWAT team; a special branch of the police who are highly trained to deal with dangerous criminals. The team often responds to serious crimes such as hostage situations, drug trafficking, bank robberies and so forth, when regular police are unable to contain the situation. The SWAT team is usually heavily armed as compared to the regular police. They carry with them machine guns, sniper rifles, shotguns and so forth. The team, however, retains the essential attributes of civilian police such as, not being allowed to kill discriminately (Kraska and Kappeler, 1997)Paramilitary raids are necessary for hig...

African Americans Fight For Liberation - 1670 Words

Strong. Determined. Beautiful. These are words that have been used to describe a race that through trial and tribulation has never faltered in their struggle for justice in an unjust world. African Americans fight for liberation in the early to mid-1900s has paid off in many ways, but it is their tenacious efforts in acquiring equality that has given them such acclamation. While it is clear that America’s history of African American oppression is explicitly cruel and barbaric, I argue that the aftermath of such a grim past has helped to affirm a culturally rich, strong, and resilient race. Through abuse, prejudice, and death, African Americans have remained strong by becoming united in times of duress, never losing hope in a better future, and remaining persistent in their efforts to change their social inequality. Thanks to the endeavors of many influential figures, both whites and blacks alike, slavery was abolished in 1865. With the liberation of millions of slaves came A merica s Reconstruction Period. Many white Southerners reacted to the abolishment of slavery with dismay. Some were willing to leave the South all together, while others resorted to violence because they were unwilling to accept a new relationship with former slaves. During this time, the meaning of freedom had become a subject of conflict, and newly freed African Americans sought to give a new perspective to that meaning (Foner and Mahoney, America s Reconstruction). During the ReconstructionShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of I Am By Assata Shakur960 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 70s, the fight for equal rights and Black power was a ravaging fight. Famous protesters such as Martin Luther King Jr., Malcolm X, and Assata Shakur. In particular, Assata Shakur was a leader of the Black Power Movement (BPM). Through her struggles, Shakur educates her audience, this is written on a blog but spoken out loud at the time, on how there is racial bias and injustice. By applying a wide range of rhetorical devices, Shakur uses her position as a Black Liberation Army leader to motivateRead MoreRacial Leadership And The African American Political Thought From B Du Bois1260 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States we have had different views of racial leadership in Afro American political thought from W.E.B Du Bois to Booker T. Washington to Marcus Garvey who sought to lead African-Americans from the oppression they face. All three of these historical figures had different views on racial leadership and politics as well as the vision and direction that racial emancipation should take. W.E.B Du Bois argued that African-Americans should political, economic, and social freedom and advancement. BookerRead MoreAwa Thiams Arguement Against the Statement â€Å"Rape is to Women what Lynching is to Blacks†1708 Words   |  7 Pagesin Europe compared to the African American women shows an inaccurate judgment. If rape is to women compared to the raping of black, then what i s raping and lynching to the African American female? This is a paradox which Thiam explained. Indirectly European feminist Kate Miller is referring to white women being raped has her concern. Fighting for liberation of women, the black women is forgotten and also denied in this case. Thiam states during the colonial period African women suffered a double dominationRead MoreThe Foundations Of Racial Capitalism, Imperialism And Colonialism Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagescolonialism have significantly shaped the existence of African people, and those of the diaspora. 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African American people haveRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass941 Words   |  4 PagesIn his autobiography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Frederick Douglass describes in detail the hardships and unjust acts that were imposed upon African American slaves. In the narrative, Douglass communicates that reading and writing are the fundamental keys to obtaining freedom, understanding, and b ecoming self-aware. Most slaves were illiterate and had limited knowledge of the injustices that they faced. Douglass’ intelligence was significant due to the fact that he realizedRead MoreThe Black Lives Matter Movement1144 Words   |  5 Pagesthe coming together to fight and protest against oppression. It has had many public protests in cities worldwide with supporters of all races in tow. The Black Lives Matter Movement has connected people across the country working to end the various forms of injustice impacting our people today. Alicia Garza along with her co-founders of the movement have hosted national conference calls focused on issues that are critical to working hard for the liberation of African Americans. The goal is accordingRead MoreThe Civil Rights Of The Vietnam War1701 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1967, 64 percent of all eligible African-Americans were drafted versus only 31 percent of eligible whites (Black 2009). This fact testifies to only a small portion o f why nearly all African-Americans found themselves protesting against the Vietnam War. The lack of civil rights in the U.S deterred many blacks from supporting Vietnam, a conflict aimed at liberating the rights of another people. African Americans were frustrated with a country who fought for other citizens and saw no purpose in fightingRead MoreBlack Women And The Black Men1345 Words   |  6 PagesBlack women have a long feminist tradition dating back to 19th-century activists such as Maria W. Stewart and Sojourner Truth, but their struggles are a tale of two fights. To be a black woman seeking liberation, one had to fight racial inequality and sexual inequality at the same time. Black women who were involved in the Black Liberation Movement were discriminated against sexually by black men who were oppressed by whites and felt they had to adopt patriarchal roles. Black women in the Women s MovementRead MoreThe Struggle For African American Liberation1242 Words   |  5 PagesIn the early 1960s, when both men entered the struggle for African American liberation, it were the factors that set them apart that shaped both their outlook and the way they contributed to fight for Black empowerment. While Malcolm rose to fame by means of fierce attacks on Whites, Carmichael participated in non-violent workshops to prepare himself for his participation in the Freedom Rides. The first time Stokely encountered Malcolm X in person was during an event at Howard University in 1961

Man s Conformity Hegemonic Masculinity - 1427 Words

Man’s Conformity to Hegemonic Masculinity The notion of hegemonic masculinity has altered the field of gender studies and many academic arenas. An idea popularized by R.W. Connell, hegemonic masculinity has played an integral role in the emotional development of American men, articulating the impact that this societal construction has had on the concept of American masculinity. It is a contested topic, yet the impacts that it has in terms of sexuality, struggles for power and political leadership, and gender identities are valid (Connell 830). Although difficult to fully achieve, it acts as a guiding force for the stereotypically masculine. Hegemonic masculinity assumes the subordination of all other forms of masculinity, placing it at the top of the social hierarchy. At the same time, the idea of hegemonic masculinity has served as a bridge between the growing field of men’s’ studies and female studies (Connell 829). Several authors share the premise that m en in American society conform to the standards of the social construct of hegemonic masculinity. In order to fully understand a more in depth evaluation of both why and how men conform to this social phenomenon, one must know how hegemonic masculinity is defined. This term was made popular by Connell’s work Gender and Power which critiqued the male social role and how hegemonic masculinity has developed (Connell 830). Scholars agree that hegemonic masculinity is characterized by â€Å"being emotionally detached andShow MoreRelatedLiterature Review Of The Old Spice Crews 968 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary to answer your question effectively. Hegemonic masculinity and media consumption It appears that men are more likely to connect with campaigns that endorse the â€Å"patriarchic culture of aggression, male dominance and control† (Kluch, 2015, p373). For example, considering the two Old Spice advertising campaigns aimed towards attracting opposite sexes, males seemed more supportive of the campaign featuring Terry Crews. Crews’ campaign supported hegemonic masculine ideas including the following:Read MoreQueer Theory : Gender And Gender1975 Words   |  8 PagesI will be explaining the following; Queer Theory, Radical feminism, sex=gender, biology is not destiny, youth non conformity, hegemonic masculinity, transgender and gender based harassment. I have used these six concepts because they highlight how sexuality and gender are constructed by society. This construction causes a heterosexual norm, which some people do not identify under. I have focused on Queer Theory because it depicts what is considered ‘normal’ regarding gender and sexuality. I alsoRead MoreWhat I Call The Social Constructionist1259 Words   |  6 Pagesget a husband or keep their husband, this displays emphasized femininity. 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Popular music both reflects and affects the perception of gender in audiences and, in turn, general society, through the portrayal of traditional and alternative gender roles and traitsRead MoreJournal Assignment Five : Brief Interview Essay2475 Words   |  10 Pageshave the same toys as other girls. This leads me to the idea that c onformity is also in the mix of her opinions. She wants to be like the other girls and so does her mother. I think parents become worried that boy toys, may turn their daughter to be more masculine, which is not favored by society. Or on the flip side, feminine toys will make their son, more likely to homosexual, which doesn’t fit into the desired hegemonic masculinity. The next question I asked Alice was about the rules for boys/girlsRead MoreGender Roles : Stereotypes And Stereotypes1873 Words   |  8 PagesI will investigate gender roles alongside misogyny and sexism examining how ideologies have changed overtime focusing on negative and positive representations of women compared to men through crime dramas. Since the feminist movement in the 70’s various crime dramas have increasing numbers of smart, strong leading female protagonists which is now seen as acceptable, advancing contemporary portrayals of women in television by not conforming to stereotypes eradicating them, helping to battle outdatedRead MoreWomen on Corporate Board of Director14863 Words   |  60 Pages1.0 Introduction In this decade, we have seen an increase in women s participation in the board of director. Previously, we can see around the world, every board of director of a single company led by men only. But, over the time, women are slowly absorbed into the board of director and they play a great role as well as a good impact in the improvement of the company. A new study suggested that, putting women on boards of directors is a good way to make companies more profitable and better governedRead MoreTraditional African Family19679 Words   |  79 Pagessimply click on it to take you to the appropriate handout.  © 2004, HarperCollinsPublishers Limited SOCIOLOGY THEMES AND PERSPECTIVES – Lesson Plans 1 Sociology Themes and Perspectives I n t r o d u c t i o n S O C I O L O G I C A L P E R S P E C T I V E S / Te a c h e r s ’ n o t e s INTRODUCTION Sociological perspectives Lesson 1 Sociological perspectives: glossary handout 1 Aim: Skills: Ti m e : Resources: Reading: to create a glossary of definitions for the Introduction: Sociological perspectives

Social Security A Brief History free essay sample

A paper on the history of social security up until today. This paper provides an analysis of the U.S. social security system. The author examines the history of social security creation, workings of the particular plans- disability and old age and survivor insurance, and how Americans tax dollars are selected and sent. This analysis also looks at the growing uneasiness regarding depletion of funds. America has been through many trying times throughout its young history. One of the most difficult times was the Great Depression. During this period many banks failed, the stock market crashed, and Americans everywhere were losing faith in the government. The government came up with different options on how they could guarantee the nations elderly of a decent income. In 1935, the government introduced their solution, Social Security. Since its inception, the Social Security program has been one of the most successful domestic government programs, providing economic protection for Americans of all ages. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Security: A Brief History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Qatar Country Risk

Executive Summary The study entails a critical country risk analysis on Qatar. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of risk that Exin Global might encounter by entering the Qatari market. The study focuses on different categories of risk. The core categories include the firm-specific risk or the micro risk, country-specific risk and global specific risks. The firm-specific risk identifies the political risks that the firm might encounter in the host country.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Qatar Country Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The likelihood of encountering goal conflict by entering into the target market is minimal because of the support given to foreign investments. The Qatari government promotes foreign investment through the foreign investment law. Moreover, the company’s success in the new market will also arise from the strong cultural and institutional frameworks. For e xample, the legal framework in Qatar promotes investment by enacting intellectual property laws hence protecting innovation. An efficient banking and financial system further characterize the country and it promotes currency convertibility. The high rate of globalization, an increase in environmental concern such as climate change, and cyber crime might affect the firm’s operational efficiency both in the local and foreign markets. Introduction Domestic and international market expansion is one of the most effective ways through which companies can achieve profit and wealth maximization. Exin Global is a multinational corporation established in the UAE’s consumer goods industry. The company specializes in the manufacture of household care products. The company’s Chief Executive Officer is interested in the company’s growth through international market expansion. The CEO is specifically interested in the firm’s expansion into Qatar as one of the eme rging economies. However, some of the firm’s directors are concerned with the business risk exposure that might arise from venturing into some countries. This aspect underscores the importance of understanding the country risk before the firm’s actual market entry. As a member of the company’s Business Development Committee, I have been tasked with the role of providing a broad country risk analysis for the most viable country that the firm should consider entering. PESTLE analysis of Qatar Political and legal environment Qatar has adopted a monarchical system of government. Moreover, the Qatar government identifies investment and international trade as one of the fundamental components in promoting a country’s economic growth. Subsequently, the country is characterized by minimal bureaucracies that hinder foreign investment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More The Qatar government through the Ministry of Economy and Commerce has simplified the procedures required for foreign investors to establish a business in Qatar. However, foreign businesses are required to apply for a license from the relevant government departments depending on their intended business activity. Qatar has established strong political relations with foreign countries in the Middle East and North Africa region. Economic environment Qatar has depicted remarkable economic growth over the past decades. The country’s Gross Domestic Product has increased substantially as illustrated by graph 1 below. The growth in GDP is a strong indicator of the country’s positive economic performance. Thus, the consumers’ purchasing power has grown substantially due to growth in the per capita income. Graph 1: GDP in Qatar (â€Å"Trading Economics† par. 3) Social Environment The country’s social structure has changed substantially. The count ry’s society does not have cases of discrimination against foreign companies. For example, the country’s population has increased from 0.97 million in 2006 to 2.27 in 2014. The increase in the population indicates a potential growth in demand for consumer goods. Thus, the company might be able to generate the intended level of sales revenue. Graph 2: Population growth in Qatar (â€Å"Trading Economics† par.5)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Qatar Country Risk specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technological environment Qatar is characterized by strong infrastructural development such as transport and communication networks. The developments have remarkably improved the level of efficiency of conducting business in the country. Environment The Qatar government has implemented a strict legislation aimed at curtailing carbon emission. The motive of such legislation is to limit climate change. T herefore, the government is pressuring manufacturing companies to implement effective strategies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. Failure to comply with the law might result in a fine. Country risk analysis Krummel affirms that country risk is comprised of four main environments that include the political, debt manageability, anthropological and the economic risk (27). Subsequently, understanding the country risk analysis is essential determining the probability of multinational enterprises succeeding or failing in the in the international market. Thus, conducting country risk analysis is vital in evaluating a multinational enterprise capacity to generate cash flow. Therefore, country risk analysis is essential to improving the MNCs capacity in making long-term financial or investment decisions. Country risk varies across different countries. Subsequently, evaluating country risk enables MNCs to determine the most feasible foreign market to enter (Madura 439). Political risk The political risk in Qatar can be defined as moderate. First, the government is focused on promoting international trade. Subsequently, the Qatar government has ensured ease of currency convertibility by eliminating foreign exchange controls or restrictions. Therefore, foreign investors in Qatar can easily remit their profits to the parent country without any restrictions. Additionally, foreign investors operating in Qatar are not restricted to convert local currency into foreign currency. Therefore, Exin Global operations in Qatar will not be hindered by external currency inconvertibility. Rochon and Rossi assert that external currency inconvertibility occurs if foreign residents are limited from converting local currency into foreign currency (125). The ease of currency convertibility in the country is further increased by the country’s banking system. Qatar is characterized by an elaborate banking system and regulatory system. Qatar is currently in the process of implementing the Basel Standards to establish a strong banking system.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Financial risk factor One of the essential indicators of a country’s financial risk entails the interest rate. The rate of interest influences the cost of sourcing debt finance from commercial banks. The Qatar government has managed to maintain the rate of interest rate below 10%. In 2014, the World Bank estimated the lending interest rate to be 4.96%, which is substantially low. The graph below illustrates the trend in the country’s rate of interest from 2006 to 2014. Graph 3: Interest rate in Qatar (â€Å"Trading Economics† par. 2) The low rate of interest indicates that the country is likely to experience significant economic growth due to the ease with which businesses access financial credit. Moreover, the country is characterized by a moderate rate of inflation as illustrated by graph 3. The average rate of inflation in Qatar between 2005 and 2015 is estimated to be 3.48%. The country experiences fluctuations in the rate of inflation. In June 2008, the co untry’s rate of inflation reached its highest point at 16.59%. However, Qatar has managed to lower the rate of inflation significantly. By the end of October 2015, the rate of inflation in Qatar was estimated to be 1.7%, which is considerably low. Graph 4: Rate of inflation in Qatar (â€Å"Trading Economics† par. 6) The rate of inflation has a significant effect on the operation of Multinational Corporation. Sharan posits that if a â€Å"multinational company exports its products to countries characterized by high inflation rather than setting up a manufacturing unit in there, the exports are more likely to have a high competitive edge† (214). The low rate of inflation in Qatar is a strong indicator of the enabling economic environment in the country. Subsequently, Exin Global is likely to gain a high competitive edge by establishing a manufacturing unit in the country. In addition to the low cost of manufacturing, Exin Global is likely to benefit from the resu lting low consumer price index because of the low rate inflation. The Qatar economy has been characterized by a marginal change in the consumer price index as illustrated by graph 5 below. Graph 5: Consumer Price Index (â€Å"Trading Economics† par.5) The marginal change in the CPI indicates that the cost of living in Qatar has not increased significantly. Hence, the firm will benefit from the high consumer purchasing power. Consumers in Qatar will be in a position to afford Exin Global products. Therefore, the demand for consumer goods is likely to be stimulated. Similar to other countries in the Gulf region, Qatar has adopted a fixed exchange regime. The rationale behind the adoption of the fixed exchange regime is to ensure the stability of the country’s currency. Currently, the fixed rate of exchange is pegged at QAR 3.64=USD 1. The Qatar government expects the exchange rate to remain stable until the end of 2016 (â€Å"Trading Economics† par.8). By establi shing business operations in Qatar, Exin Global is likely to achieve the desired sales growth in sales. The growth in sales will arise from the stable exchange rate. Assessment of risk factors Macro-assessment of country risk Macro-political risk According to Madura, macro assessment of country risk entails consideration of the diverse variables that are likely to affect country risk (253). Undertaking a macro-assessment of country risk will give Exin Global a broad understanding of the general factors that are likely to affect the company’s operation in the host country. The degree of political risk in a country influences the performance and ease with which multinational corporations conduct business operations in the foreign market. Qatar is located in a region characterized by a significant level of instability and social unrest. One of the notable sources of social unrest relates to the recent Arab Spring that led to the emergence of new political regimes. Moreover, the rate of terrorism in the region is substantially high. The prevalence of these issues in the region might adversely affect investor confidence. Despite the cases of terrorism and social unrest in the MENA region, Qatar is characterized by minimal political unrest (â€Å"AMB Country Risk Report† 3). Therefore, the level of investor confidence in Qatar has not been affected adversely. Due to the minimal cases of social unrests in Qatar, Exin Global is likely to operate smoothly in the host country. Moreover, the likelihood of encountering loss due to social unrest is significantly low. Despite Qatar’s ranking amongst the peaceful countries in the MENA region, the sustainability of the peaceful conditions in the country remains to be a balancing act. The country has enacted foreign policies aimed at supporting the Muslim Brotherhood in the MENA region, specifically in Egypt (Hawser par. 5). The country’s foreign policy position might lead to the emergence of distru st amongst countries in the GCC and MENA regions. This aspect might affect the ability of the subsidiary firm established by Exin Global in Qatar capacity to export its products to the neighboring countries. Macro-financial risk Qatar’s economy is largely dependent on revenue generated from oil production. Qatar is the global leader concerning the production and exportation of liquefied natural gas. Over 90% of the country’s budget is funded using revenue generated from the exportation of oil (Parasie par.4). In spite of past positive economic performance, Qatar’s economy might be affected by fluctuation in global oil prices. A recent evaluation of the country’s economic performance by the International Monetary Fund [IMF] indicates that Qatar might experience budget deficit due to the low oil prices currently being experienced n the oil producing countries. Parasie asserts that the oil generating economies are characterized by booms and bursts (par. 5). The occurrence of a budget deficit might make the Qatari government consider increasing corporate and income taxes to cater for the budget deficit. Increasing the tax rate might adversely affect influence the company’s capacity to generate sales revenue due to a reduction in the consumers’ purchasing power. Micro-assessment The political risk affecting the fast moving consumer goods industry in Qatar is relatively low because of the support offered by the government. The Qatar government has established free economic zones such as the Doha Industrial Estate. The rationale of the Doha Industrial Estate is to promote the establishment of medium and light scale industries. Furthermore, the Qatar government offers investors in the free economic zones a tax holiday depending on the nature of their manufacturing activities. Therefore, Exin Global might benefit from establishing a manufacturing unit within the designated free economic zones. For example, the tax holiday will culminate to a reduction in the cost of operations. Subsequently, the firm will be able to establish operations in Qatar. Techniques for assessing country risk To assess the country risk, it is imperative for the company’s management team to undertake an extensive country risk assessment. First, Exin Global management team should conduct a comprehensive reconnaissance on the new market. The firm can achieve this goal by sending the Business Development Committee members to Qatar to assess the attractiveness of the market. During the inspection visits, the Committee should interview government officials, consumers, and industry executives on the uncertainties that are likely to be encountered in the target country. The firm might conduct a quantitative analysis by evaluating the historical data. This move will play a critical role in determining how the firm is sensitive to risk the risk factors. Moreover, the Business Development Committee should further consider integrating the Delphi technique. Under this technique, the organization should seek the independent opinion of industry analysts or experts regarding the country risk. The Delphi technique is critical to understanding the perceived country risk (Madura 450). Alternatively, the business might consider developing a checklist to be used in rating the risk factors. Based on rating, Qatar can be defined to be relatively stable as illustrated in Table 2 below. The table shows that the overall assessment of the country’s risk is stable as indicated by a comparison between the previous and current rating. Measuring country risk Before making the decision on the most appropriate foreign country to enter, the company’s management may consider comparing country risk rating. Based on this approach, the company’s management team will be able to make a decision on the most attractive country to enter. In this case, a comparison of the risk rating between Qatar and Kuwait shows that Qata r is the most attractive market. The overall assessment of Qatar has remained stable with a rating of B while that of Kuwait has declined from a rating of B to C. Qatar Kuwait Risk ratings Current Current Previous Previous Current Previous Previous Previous Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Rating Score Overall assessment B 29 B 28 C 41 B 40 Government effectiveness risk C 46 C 46 D 68 D 68 Labor market risk C 43 C 43 C 57 C 57 Legal regulatory risk B 40 B 40 C 55 C 55 Foreign trade payments risk A 11 A 11 B 21 B 21 Labor market risk C 43 C 43 C 57 C 57 Tax policy risk A 19 A 19 B 31 B 31 Financial risk B 33 B 29 B 29 B 29 Security risk A 14 A 11 A 18 A 14 Macroeconomic risk A 15 A 20 B 30 A 20 Table 2: Comparison of country risk (â€Å"Economic Intelligence Unit† par.8) The rating scores range between 1 and 100, where a score of 100=most risky. Similarly, a rating of E represents the riskiest factor. Incorporating country risk in capital budgeting The company should further consider integrating country risk in its capital budgeting process. The rationale of integrating country risk in the capital budgeting process is to assess the likelihood of generating and sustaining positive returns in the long-term. To achieve this goal, the company may consider determining the adjusted cash flow and discount rate. The adjustment of estimated cash flow will enable the company to assess how its cash flows will be affected by the country risk in Qatar. Alternatively, integrating the country risk is also essential in the company’s effort to determine the most appropriate discount rate that the firm should consider in determining project cash flows. Importance of country risk analysis to Exin Global The process of undertaking country risk analysis will play a critical role in the company’s effort to evaluate the capacity to generate sales revenue by entering in Qatar. Understanding the country’s labor market r isk will enable the firm to determine the ease of sourcing and developing a strong human capital from the host country. Moreover, country risk analysis will aid in the determination of the ease of undertaking sales and manufacturing activities in Qatar. The attainment of this goal arises from the determination of different issues such as the degree of corruption, bureaucracy, the host government attitude to foreign investors and blockage of fund transfers. Minimizing country risk Exin Global should consider minimizing country risk by complying with the laws and regulations specified by the host government. Alternatively, the company should consider sourcing human capital from the host country. The company may consider customizing its products to meet the local market needs. This move will aid in ensuring that it products gain a high level of market acceptability. Effect of risk on the firm’s profitability The degree of country risk has a significant effect on the profitabilit y of MNCs. An economy characterized by a high country risk due to cases of security and political unrest means that country might not undertake sales and manufacturing activities without disruptions. Subsequently, the level of profitability might be reduced substantially. Moreover, political unrest might lead to loss of the company’s property hence stalling manufacturing activities. Actions taken by the government to protect the industry The Qatar government promotes foreign investment in the consumer goods industry through the enactment of the Foreign Capital Investment Law. According to the law, foreign companies operating in Qatar are not subject to expropriation. Additionally, the Qatar government does not restrict foreign companies from transferring equity ownership to either local or foreign investors. In addition to the above issues, the Qatar government protects foreign investors by enacting the intellectual property rights. Thus, investors can undertake product inven tion and innovation in the country. Conclusion International market expansion presents one of the most effective strategies that profit-oriented companies can adopt to achieve profit and wealth maximization. However, successful cross-border market expansion depends on how effective business executives understand the host country risk. Country risk analysis is critical in determining the degree of exposure that a multinational enterprise can encounter in the domestic and host country. It provides multinational corporations with a multidimensional view of the international business environment. Suggestions To enter the Qatar market, Exin Global should adopt different techniques in evaluating country risk. One of the most effective techniques entails cross-country rating to identify the most attractive market. Alternatively, the company should further undertake a continuous assessment of the country risk. The continuous assessment will provide the firm with insight on how the country r isks changes. Subsequently, it will be possible for the firm to undertake the necessary adjustments to its risk management processes. Works Cited AMB Country Risk Report: Qatar. 2015. PDF file. 2015. Web. Economic Intelligence Unit: Risk briefing; Qatar 2015. Web. Hawser, Anita. Report; Qatar faces geopolitical risk, 2012. Web. Krummel, Jacob. International banking business, Berlin: Drucker Humbolt, 2007. Print. Madura, Jeff. International financial management, Mason: Cengage, 2009. Print. Parasie, Nicolas. Qatar risks budget deficit in 2016 due to low oil prices, IMF says, 2015. Web. Trading Economics: Qatar 2015. Web. Rochon, Louis, and Sergio Rossi. The encyclopedia of central banking, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2015. Print. Sharan, Vyuptakesh. International business; concepts, environment and strategy, Delhi: Pearson, 2006. Print. This report on Qatar Country Risk was written and submitted by user Ellen Sharpe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Financial analysis and comparison of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola The WritePass Journal

Financial analysis and comparison of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola Introduction Financial analysis and comparison of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola IntroductionReferences:Related Introduction Together both PepsiCo and Coca Cola are both companies that are known around the world for their goods. For decades now, these companies have been competitive against each other to â€Å"do better than† the other one, what some would call the â€Å"cola wars†. They individually offer a assortment of soft drinks; regular, diet, caffeine free and many other options for the public to choose from. Both of the companies also have quite a few different entities (or off springs) of their company, such as bottled water, energy drinks, and juices. Individually both PepsiCo and Coca Cola; better known as Pepsi and Coke, have produced goods for every income bracket. Inside this essay we will take a look into the two largest competing companies in the soft drink industry; Coca Cola and PepsiCo. Using financial data provided from 2004 and 2005, we will be able to use financial analysis, both vertical and horizontal, to verify the financial differences between the two companies. We should be able to make proper suggestions and recommendations with the review on both of the individual companies, income statements and balance sheets. The soft drink industry is one of the largest and assorted industries in the world; consumption in the United States alone is rated at 95%. Together Pepsi and Coke have dominated the soft drink industry, staying higher than any other competition for decades. Not only have they dominated the national market, but also have dominated the global market. Pepsi and Coke have triumphed over many obstacles, so that they may produce and distribute products in most countries around the globe. Both employ a strategy called â€Å"the follow up strategy†. When one launches a new product or service, the other is not far behind with a similar product or service. This strategy has been so effective within these two companies that it leaves other would be competitors oblivious to what just happened. Because of global success, both PepsiCo and Coca Cola have paid a price in one way or another regarding legal issues, precedents, and political opinions. Both of these companies are great examples that the power of influence is leadership. Since their influence is so powerful, they easily shut down competitors in the market as well as keep their moral and ethical values at a soaring level. According to the Forbes Super500 list of America’s largest public companies in 2003, both Coke and Pepsi are practically the same size. Pepsi was the 43rd-largest U.S. firm, just barely edging out Coke, which ranked 44th. This comparison was based on ranking sales, profits, market value and assets. Now let’s take a look at a more detailed comparison of these two companies. Within this analysis, the numbers will be represented in millions (100 is equal to 100 million). Beginning with a vertical analysis, used to do the comparison of the asset accounts categories, liability account categories, and the reports on liability accounts against asset accounts on the balance sheet. The principle for calculating a vertical analysis is current assets à · total assets. The starting point lies within the total assets for each company. In 2004, PepsiCo’s total assets were $27,987; in 2005 they totaled $31,727. Coca Cola’s assets were $31,441 for 2004 and $29,427 in 2005.   (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2008). Now we must look at statistics on the balance sheets of each corporation. In 2004, Coke’s cost of merchandise sold were $7,674 equaling a ratio percentage of 24.4% of their total assets. In 2005 the cost of merchandise sold were $8,195 equaling 27.8% of the total assets. For Pepsi’s cost of merchandise sold, the totals were $12,674 equaling 45.3% in 2004 and $14,176 equaling 44.7% in 2005. Over a one year span the results of; PepsiCo had an increase of 5%, while Coke had an increase that year of 3.4%.   With this increase, the results do not necessarily mean a positive analysis, since the single figure does not disclose whether the increase is a positive measure.   A higher cost of sales may not be offset by higher revenues matching or exceeding the increased cost. Net income of PepsiCo in 2004 was $4,212 equaling a ratio percentage of 15.1% of total assets. In 2005, their net income was $4,078 equaling a ratio percentage of 13.2% of their total assets. This shows a 1.9% decrease in their net income between 2004 and 2005. Within the same period they also showed a decrease in the cost of sales. Coke on the other hand had a net income of $4,847 in 2004 equaling a ratio percentage of 15.4%. In 2005 their net income was $4,872 equaling a ratio of 16.6% of their total assets. This shows and an increase of 1.2% between 2004 and 2005.   Even though they experienced an increase of 1.2%, the increase of cost of merchandise sold had an increase of 3.4% only nets an additional 1.2%, making this a negative indication for Coca Cola. When comparing current assets and current liabilities to the total assets by taking a closer look at the consolidated balance sheets of these two companies for each year show that Pepsi’s total current assets were $8,639, in 2004, which equals a ratio percentage of 30.9% of total assets (for that year). For 2005, PepsiCo’s total current assets were $10,454 which equals a ratio percentage of 32.9% of total assets. From 2004 to 2005, they had an increase of 2% in their current assets. In contrast Coca Cola’s current assets were $12,281 equaling a ratio percentage of 39.1% for 2004 and $10,250 equaling a ratio percentage of 34.8%, in 2005; this shows a major decrease in their current assets. Although, there was a considerable decrease in their current assets, there was also a decrease in their current liabilities. These decreases in liabilities would be a positive indication for Coke instead of a negative one. In the area of current liabilities, we can see that in 2004 Pepsi’s total was $6,752 equaling 24.1%, and $9,406 equaling 29.9% in 2005. This shows that the increase of 2% within Pepsi’s assets is due to the company taking on more liabilities. Coke however had current liabilities of $11,133 equaling 35.4% in 2004, and $9,836 equaling 33.4% in 2005 which shows a decrease of 1% in their liabilities. This simply states that both companies had a larger percentage of liabilities to assets in 2005, compared to 2004 also taking into account that their current assets dropped 4.3%. To break that down even further, we look at the following figures. Coca Cola had a total liability in 2004 of $15,506 which equals 49.3% and in 2005 their total liabilities were $13,072 which equals 44.4%. That is a decrease in their liabilities of 4.9%. So while their assets dropped by 4.3%, their liabilities dropped even more. Horizontal analysis is the comparison of specific items account for a certain amount of numbers for the accounting period. This helps to determine the increase or decrease that has occurred by a percentage, a numerical change or trends over that time. There are two formulas that can be used to get this analysis. The first formula uses the current year amount and subtracts from that the base year amount, then take the difference and divide it by the base year amount.   The second formula divides the current year amount by the base year amount.   This gives the current yearly figure in a percentage for the given base year. PepsiCo’s total current assets for 2004 were $8,639 and $10,454 in 2005. The first horizontal analysis formula shows Pepsi had an increase of 121.01% of total current assets; over their 2004 base year figure. Coke’s total assets for 2004 were $12,281 and $10,250 for 2005 which shows a considerable loss. With these numbers it produces a loss percenta ge of 16.58% between 2004 (83.46%) and 2005. Moving onto liabilities, Coca Cola had $11,133 in total liabilities for 2004 and $9,836 for 2005, yielding a difference of 88.35% decreasing their liabilities by 11.65% from 2004 to 2005. For PepsiCo, their total liabilities for 2004 were $6,752 and $9,406 in 2005. Following the formula we can see that it shows an increase in their liabilities by 139.3% from 2004 to 2005, so for one year the total is 39.9%. Mutually PepsiCo and Coca Cola have reputations for being the major contenders in the soft drink industry. They have individually created well organized, strong, and profitable companies, but as you can see from the analysis done above that the financial data, shows a bit of a difference between the two financially. I can see adjustments that can be made and areas that can be worked on, and below I have made a few suggestions for the data I found. It can be determined from the information above that the net profits for both companies were less in 2005 than that of 2004. The operating expenses for both companies were higher in 2005 then 2004. Individually Pepsi and Coke should be working to decrease operation expenses and to increase profitability. Within Coca Cola, they suffered a decline in assets (4.3%) and their liabilities reduced by 4.9% from 2004 to 2005. The suggestion that I make for Coca Cola is they continue to reduce their liabilities, and work on raising net profits. This will increase their assets, As for Pepsi, they have a small increase in current assets between 2004 and 2005, but they had a substantial increase in liabilities. With a 5.8% increase in liabilities, there was only an increase of 2% within their assets. A suggestion I can make for PepsiCo is to focus efforts on their assets, to reduce their liabilities, and to not collect new liabilities. This way they can increase profitability. Looking into other years and comparisons, I see that Coca Cola gathers almost 53% of their annual revenue during spring and summer, whereas Pepsi seems to produce 30% more revenue in the later months of the year.   This is likely due to the fact that Pepsi also has snack (chips, etc) operations other than soft drinks, which is the preferred food of the season. There is also the topic of franchise systems. Pepsi has had success in the past with its franchise system; however, in recent years it has become a weakness for the company. The franchises   influence profits and revenues for Pepsi. My solution would be to dismantle the franchise system and replace it with one bottling unit. This will help Pepsi to eliminate competition with any private label companies and keep them on the forefront with Coke. Coca Cola believes in reinvesting into their infrastructure and does not operate a franchise system. When it comes to figures, Pepsi seems to have more advantages (other entities), whereas Coke is getting better figures.   This does not mean either company is better than the other, it shows that there is a tight competition between both companies and both are striving to surpass the other. References: PepsiCo.com. (2009).   Retrieved on: April 15, 2011 pepsico.com/index.html#/flash/pepsico_slide.swf Weygandt, J. J., Kimmel, P. D., Kieso, D. E. (2008). Financial accounting (6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. The Coca Cola Company. (2009). Retrieved on: April 15, 2011 thecoca-colacompany.com/

Bank of America or McDonald's Case Study Research Paper

Bank of America or McDonald's Case Study - Research Paper Example 1. Outlining the Talent Management Program That Led to Success for the Company McDonald's talent management program is behind the company's success, and its multipronged nature can be divided into five stages, as shall be seen. The first step of McDonald's talent management program is the redesigning of the company's performance development system for McDonald's rank and file, as a way of instilling accountability (Goldsmith and Carter, 2010). According to Goldsmith and Carter (2010), the second step of McDonald's talent management program involved designing the global talent review process, in order to help the company's staff align itself with changes that are taking place in the global market. There is the diagnosing of individual employees' ability and actual performance in different circumstances, as a way of determining an employee's inherent skills. The step above will be followed up with the analysis of the results that have been displayed by the employee being examined in or der to interpret the actual extent of the employee's talents and skills. The final step may involve action planning which portends, factoring the manner in which the displayed talents and skills by a particular employee can be consolidated and nurtured, so that newer skills are acquired without nascent talents being forfeited. This step may also involve integrating the talents detected into organizational (or McDonald's) synergy and operations. 2. Identifying Strengths of the Program and How They Led to Goal Accomplishment According to Handfield-Jones, Michaels and Axelrod (2001), the strengths attributable to the programs above led to the accomplishment of McDonald's goals. Particularly, redesigning the company's performance development system for McDonald's employees helped foster accountability at the intrapersonal level. Thus, this paves way for the eradication of abuse of office, underperformance, and professional negligence. In the same manner, the step served as an important artifice to encourage efforts towards the attainment of goals relevant to a particular office and officer, since these officers are accountable. All these are factors that fast-track optimal performance and thereby helping in the realization of the previously set performance target. Designing the global talent review process also serves as a point of strength, for talent management, since it gives talent management a wider and more global scope. Instead of focusing on employees' performance ability and skills at the intra-organizational level, employees' talents and abilities are weighed against global expectations and thereby helping McDonald's employees focus on maintaining the competence that is needed to thrive in a competitive global business environment. In the same wavelength, embarking on the global talent review process empowers employees to be abreast with the challenges and requirements that characterize the global market. In this case, by engaging its employees in the gl obal talent review process will help McDonald employees navigate complex matters in the global market, with these matters ranging from cultural restrictions on diet, local trade laws and commercial laws on multinationals, regional technological disparity, the local market's structure, competition and purchasing power. Another strength in engaging employees in designing the globa

Technology and Management Functions Paper (due Week One) Essay

Technology and Management Functions Paper (due Week One) - Essay Example The efficiency quotient is however low due to various factors It was understood that the way to achieving efficiencies lies in Technology upgradation. This was the most important, yet the weakest of all resources we have. To help the day to day management of the organization the company used several small software packages for different departments like Finance, Production, and HR management. Yet the information was lacking for correct decision making. To overcome this issue it was agreed that the best option was to have an integrated ERP solution and to discard the several smaller software packages. This would result in seamless flow of data from point to point and instant information will be possible. This would be the backbone of an efficient organization. An industry specific ERP was purchased installed and implemented throughout the organization with a central database at the company Headquarters where all information became available to the management to help them in making informed decisions. The first step was to define the workflow between different departments. The ERP Project Managers assisted in planning a system and then provided activity based results in form of MIS (management information system) reports. These dynamic reports, that are prepared on the fly by picking data as soon as it is recorded, offer the management current status of each activity. They are indeed an end-to-end report management system. These reports can be accessed from any location enabling management to spot problems quickly and address them without delay. This would also reduce wasteful communication earlier required for just accessing the information. Production Planning and Control (PPC) was introduced at the various production units of the company. This resulted in identifying the resources available and then distributing the orders between them based on available capacity. The ERP could forecast this based on Knowledge Inputs like output

Anti Tobacco and No-Smoking Essay Example for Free

Anti Tobacco and No-Smoking Essay When you smoke or use smokeless tobacco, your risk of oral cancer goes through the roof. In fact, tobacco use accounts for most oral cancers. Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes; using chewing tobacco; and dipping snuff are all linked to oral cancer. Heavy smokers who use tobacco for a long time are most at risk. The risk increases for tobacco users who drink alcohol heavily. Even the slickest of tobacco executives cant deny the statistics. The bottom lineis that three out of four oral cancers occur in people who use alcohol or tobacco, or both alcohol and tobacco. 1 Tobacco in any form is the enemy of good dental health. This is serious business–dont wait. Schedule a checkup and cleaning with the dentist or hygienist. It’s not an option—dental examinations that include a screening for oral cancer save lives. Oral cancer screening that is part of a dental checkup catches oral cancer early. As with most cancers, the earlier oral cancer is detected, the better a person’s chances for survival! 2 The laundry list of problems associated with smokeless tobacco is long enough—bad breath, stained teeth, loss of taste and smell, mouth (canker) sores, failure of dental implants, and oral cancer. Yet smoking and chewing tobacco are also the main suspects in gum recession, bone loss, and tooth loss associated with periodontal (gum) disease. Smokers who smoke less than a half a pack of cigarettes per day are almost three times more likely than nonsmokers to have periodontitis, according to a study by researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 3 Now that we have your full attention, we’d like you to check the warning signs of oral disease: * Bleeding gums during brushing * Red, swollen, or tender gums Gums that have pulled away from the teeth * Persistent bad breath * Pus between the teeth and gums * Loose or separating teeth * A change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite4 The theme of Dental Hygiene Month 2012 is Keep them healthy. Keep them clean. It highlights easy ways to fit first-rate oral health into an active and busy life. If you are thinking about quitting smokeless tobacco or smoking, you’ve actually taken a step toward keeping your mouth clean and healthy by reading this article! If you want to have a confidential chat with a trained professional about taking tobacco out of the picture,  you’re only a click away. You are young, strong, and able! Don’t give  smokeless tobacco  or cigarettes an inch, or they will take your smile. Celebrate Dental Hygiene Month or take action for healthy teeth and gums at any time by making your appointment for a check | Images of some people suffering from different diseases caused due to eating tobacco or smoking – | | | | | | | Stop eating tobacco and smoking†¦. Thank you

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Christopher Columbus, reflecting on his voyage which led him to the discovery of America, said, "Following the light of the sun, we left the Old World." I am sure that after four years of high school, we have all formed our own opinion of Christopher Columbus - especially if you had Mrs. Powers - but whether you view him as a genocidal rogue or the first American Hero, I find his quote fitting for where we stand today. As we set sail, leaving behind the Old World of Coleman High School, there are many things that I am sure none of us will miss. We will enter a world without Scholarly Papers or Culminating Exhibitions; a world where we can use our cell phones freely and urinate without the permission of our teacher. In the real world, Sareth won't throw away your lunch before you've taken your first bite. Of course, if you've made it this far - if you are graduating here tonight - there are surely things you will miss about this Old World as well. Maybe you'll miss coming to school early and being surprised by free hot chocolate, or that third period teacher who would always let you turn in your assignments late. It might be that coach that never let you quit and always pushed you to your limits, or that gorgeous girl (or guy) that you got to sit next to freshman year. It could be walking with your best friend to class everyday, or that giant excuse of a bear that sits in front of the cafeteria. Wha tever it may be, we will all leave this place with something that we will miss and cherish forever, even if we don't fully realize what that is today. We will also leave behind a number of beloved teachers, counselors, and other staff persons - many of whom have had huge impacts on getting us here tonight. We will surely miss the... ...ves: whose advice do we take - Martin Luther King Jr.'s or Homer J. Simpson's? Do we put our brooms in the closet of futility and go inside and watch TV, or do we take them out and sweep like no sweeper has ever swept before? No matter where our passage takes us, we must navigate it to the best of our abilities, or we will fail. In conclusion, I will leave you with one last thought from the founder and President of Habitat for Humanity, Millard Fuller, who put it best when he said: "It's not your blue blood, your pedigree or your college degree. It's what you do with your life that counts." I would like to thank you all and congratulate you for surviving four years of my speeches and suffering the pangs of my voice on the announcements nearly everyday this year - but you have heard my voice for the last time so clap loud. Let's graduate. Thank you and God Bless.

The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 17. What Do I Look Like? …

17. What Do I Look Like? The Wizard Of Oz? You Need A Brain? You Need A Heart? Go Ahead.Take Mine. Take Everything I Have. HEART? GO AHEAD. TAKE MINE. TAKE EVERYTHING I HAVE. I sort of had a plan as I ran to the Cullens' garage. The second part of it was totaling the bloodsucker's car on my way back. So I was at a loss when I mashed the button on the keyless remote, and it was not his Volvo that beeped and flashed its lights for me. It was another car – a standout even in the long line of vehicles that were mostly all drool-worthy in their own ways. Did he actually mean to give me the keys to an Aston Martin Vanquish, or was that an accident? I didn't pause to think about it, or if this would change that second part of my plan. I just threw myself into the silky leather seat and cranked the engine while my knees were still crunched up under the steering wheel. The sound of the motor's purr might have made me moan another day, but right now it was all I could do to concentrate enough to put it in drive. I found the seat release and shoved myself back as my foot rammed the pedal down. The car felt almost airborne as it leaped forward. It only took seconds to race through the tight, winding drive. The car responded to me like my thoughts were steering rather than my hands. As I blew out of the green tunnel and onto the highway, I caught a fleeting glimpse of Leah's gray face peering uneasily through the ferns. For half a second, I wondered what she'd think, and then I realized that I didn't care. I turned south, because I had no patience today for ferries or traffic or anything else that meant I might have to lift my foot off the pedal. In a sick way, it was my lucky day. If by lucky you meant taking a well-traveled highway at two hundred without so much as seeing one cop, even in the thirty-mile-an-hour speed-trap towns. What a letdown. A little chase action might have been nice, not to mention that the license plate info would bring the heat down on the leech. Sure, he'd buy his way out of it, but it might have been just a little inconvenient for him. The only sign of surveillance i came across was just a hint of dark brown fur flitting through the woods, running parallel to me for a few miles on the south side of Forks. Quil, it looked like. He must have seen me, too, because he disappeared after a minute without raising an alarm. Again, I almost wondered what his story would be before I remembered that I didn't care. I raced around the long U-shaped highway, heading for the biggest city I could find. That was the first part of my plan. It seemed to take forever, probably because I was still on the razor blades, but it actually didn't even take two hours before I was driving north into the undefined sprawl that was part Tacoma and part Seattle. I slowed down then, because I really wasn't trying to kill any innocent bystanders. This was a stupid plan. It wasn't going to work. But, as I'd searched my head for any way at all to get away from the pain, what Leah'd said today had popped in there. That would go away, you know, if you imprinted. You wouldn't have to hurt over her anymore. Seemed like maybe getting your choices taken away from you wasn't the very worst thing in the world. Maybe feeling like this was the very worst thing in the world. But I'd seen all the girls in La Push and up on the Makah rez and in Forks. I needed a wider hunting range. So how do you look for a random soul mate in a crowd? Well, first, I needed a crowd. So I tooled around, looking for a likely spot. I passed a couple of malls, which probably would've been pretty good places to find girls my age, but I couldn't make myself stop. Did I want to imprint on some girl who hung out in a mall all day? I kept going north, and it got more and more crowded. Eventually, I found a big park full of kids and families and skateboards and bikes and kites and picnics and the whole bit. I hadn't noticed till now – it was a nice day. Sun and all that. People were out celebrating the blue sky. I parked across two handicapped spots – just begging for a ticket – and joined the crowd. I walked around for what felt like hours. Long enough that the sun changed sides in the sky. I stared into the face of every girl who passed anywhere near me, making myself really look, noticing who was pretty and who had blue eyes and who looked good in braces and who had way too much makeup on. I tried to find something interesting about each face, so that I would know for sure that I'd really tried. Things like: This one had a really straight nose; that one should pull her hair out of her eyes; this one could do lipstick ads if the rest of her face was as perfect as her mouth___ Sometimes they stared back. Sometimes they looked scared – like they were thinking, Who is this big freak glaring at me? Sometimes I thought they looked kind of interested, but maybe that was just my ego running wild. Either way, nothing. Even when I met the eyes of the girl who was – no contest – the hottest girl in the park and probably in the city, and she stared right back with a speculation that looked like interest, I felt nothing. Just the same desperate drive to find a way out of the pain. As time went on, I started noticing all the wrong things. Bella things. This one's hair was the same color. That one's eyes were sort of shaped the same. This one's cheekbones cut across her face in just the same way. That one had the same little crease between her eyes – which made me wonder what she was worrying about___ That was when I gave up. Because it was beyond stupid to think that I had picked exactly the right place and time and I was going to simply walk into my soul mate just because I was so desperate to. It wouldn't make sense to find her here, anyway. If Sam was right, the best place to find my genetic match would be in La Push. And, clearly, no one there fit the bill. If Billy was right, then who knew? What made for a stronger wolf? I wandered back to the car and then slumped against the hood and played with the keys. Maybe I was what Leah thought she was. Some kind of dead end that shouldn't be passed on to another generation. Or maybe it was just that my life was a big, cruel joke, and there was no escape from the punch line. â€Å"Hey, you okay? Hello? You there, with the stolen car.† It took me a second to realize that the voice was talking to me, and then another second to decide to raise my head. A familiar-looking girl was staring at me, her expression kind of anxious. I knew why I recognized her face – I'd already catalogued this one. Light red-gold hair, fair skin, a few gold-colored freckles sprinkled across her cheeks and nose, and eyes the color of cinnamon. â€Å"If you're feeling that remorseful over boosting the car,† she said, smiling so that a dimple popped out in her chin, â€Å"you could always turn yourself in.† â€Å"It's borrowed, not stolen,† I snapped. My voice sounded horrible – like I'd been crying or something. Embarrassing. â€Å"Sure, thatW hold up in court.† I glowered. â€Å"You need something?† â€Å"Not really. I was kidding about the car, you know. It's just that†¦ you look really upset about something. Oh, hey, I'm Lizzie.† She held out her hand. I looked at it until she let it fall. â€Å"Anyway†¦,† she said awkwardly, â€Å"I was just wondering if I could help. Seemed like you were looking for someone before.† She gestured toward the park and shrugged. â€Å"Yeah.† She waited. I sighed. â€Å"I don't need any help. She's not here.† â€Å"Oh. Sorry.† â€Å"Me, too,† I muttered. I looked at the girl again. Lizzie. She was pretty. Nice enough to try to help a grouchy stranger who must seem nuts. Why couldn't she be the one? Why did everything have to be so freaking complicated? Nice girl, pretty, and sort of funny. Why not? â€Å"This is a beautiful car,† she said. â€Å"It's really a shame they're not making them anymore. I mean, the Vantage's body styling is gorgeous, too, but there's just something about the Vanquish___† Nice girl who knew cars. Wow. I stared at her face harder, wishing I knew how to make it work. C'mon, Jake – imprint already. â€Å"How's it drive?† she asked. â€Å"Like you wouldn't believe,† I told her. She grinned her one-dimple smile, clearly pleased to have dragged a halfway civil response out of me, and I gave her a reluctant smile back. But her smile did nothing about the sharp, cutting blades that raked up and down my body. No matter how much I wanted it to, my life was not going to come together like that. I wasn't in that healthier place where Leah was headed. I wasn't going to be able to fall in love like a normal person. Not when I was bleeding over someone else. Maybe – if it was ten years from now and Bella's heart was long dead and I'd hauled myself through the whole grieving process and come out in one piece again – maybe then I could offer Lizzie a ride in a fast car and talk makes and models and get to know something about her and see if I liked her as a person. But that wasn't going to happen now. Magic wasn't going to save me. I was just going to have to take the torture like a man. Suck it up. Lizzie waited, maybe hoping I was going to offer her that ride. Or maybe not. â€Å"I'd better get this car back to the guy I borrowed it from,† I muttered. She smiled again. â€Å"Glad to hear you're going straight.† â€Å"Yeah, you convinced me.† She watched me get in the car, still sort of concerned. I probably looked like someone who was about to drive off a cliff. Which maybe I would've, if that kind of move'd work for a werewolf. She waved once, her eyes trailing after the car. At first, I drove more sanely on the way back. I wasn't in a rush. I didn't want to go where I was going. Back to that house, back to that forest. Back to the pain I'd run from. Back to being absolutely alone with it. Okay, that was melodramatic. I wouldn't be all alone, but that was a bad thing. Leah and Seth would have to suffer with me. I was glad Seth wouldn't have to suffer long. Kid didn't deserve to have his peace of mind ruined. Leah didn't, either, but at least it was something she understood. Nothing new about pain for Leah. I sighed big as I thought about what Leah wanted from me, because I knew now that she was going to get it. I was still pissed at her, but I couldn't ignore the fact that i could make her life easier. And – now that I knew her better – I thought she would probably do this for me, if our positions were reversed. It would be interesting, at the very least, and strange, too, to have Leah as a companion – as a friend. We were going to get under each other's skin a lot, that was for sure. She wouldn't be one to let me wallow, but I thought that was a good thing. I'd probably need someone to kick my butt now and then. But when it came right down to it, she was really the only friend who had any chance of understanding what I was going through now. I thought of the hunt this morning, and how close our minds had been for that one moment in time. It hadn't been a bad thing. Different. A little scary, a little awkward. But also nice in a weird way. I didn't have to be all alone. And I knew Leah was strong enough to face with me the months that were coming. Months and years. It made me tired to think about it. I felt like I was staring out across an ocean that I was going to have to swim from shore to shore before I could rest again. So much time coming, and then so little time before it started. Before I was flung into that ocean. Three and a half more days, and here I was, wasting that little bit of time I had. I started driving too fast again. I saw Sam and Jared, one on either side of the road like sentinels, as I raced up the road toward Forks. They were well hidden in the thick branches, but I was expecting them, and I knew what to look for. I nodded as I blew past them, not bothering to wonder what they made of my day trip. I nodded to Leah and Seth, too, as I cruised up the Cullens' driveway. It was starting to get dark, and the clouds were thick on this side of the sound, but I saw their eyes glitter in the glow of the headlights. I would explain to them later. There'd be plenty of time for that. It was a surprise to find Edward waiting for me in the garage. I hadn't seen him away from Bella in days. I could tell from his face that nothing bad had happened to her. In fact, he looked more peaceful than before. My stomach tightened as I remembered where that peace came from. It was too bad that – with all my brooding – I'd forgotten to wreck the car. Oh well. I probably wouldn't have been able to stand hurting this car, anyway. Maybe he'd guessed as much, and that's why he'd lent it to me in the first place. â€Å"A few things, Jacob,† he said as soon as I cut the engine. I took a deep breath and held it for a minute. Then, slowly, I got out of the car and threw the keys to him. â€Å"Thanks for the loan,† I said sourly. Apparently, it would have to be repaid. â€Å"What do you want now?† â€Å"Firstly†¦ I know how averse you are to using your authority with your pack, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I blinked, astonished that he would even dream of starting in on this one. â€Å"What?† â€Å"If you can't or won't control Leah, then I – â€Å" â€Å"Leah?† I interrupted, speaking through my teeth. â€Å"What happened?† Edward's face was hard. â€Å"She came up to see why you'd left so abruptly. I tried to explain. I suppose it might not have come out right.† â€Å"What did she do?† â€Å"She phased to her human form and – â€Å" â€Å"Really?† I interrupted again, shocked this time. I couldn't process that. Leah letting her guard down right in the mouth of the enemy's lair? â€Å"She wanted to†¦ speak to Bella.† â€Å"To Bella?† Edward got all hissy then. â€Å"I won't let Bella be upset like that again. I don't care how justified Leah thinks she is! I didn't hurt her – of course I wouldn't – but I'll throw her out of the house if it happens again. I'll launch her right across the river – â€Å" â€Å"Hold on. What did she say?† None of this was making any sense. Edward took a deep breath, composing himself. â€Å"Leah was unnecessarily harsh. I'm not going to pretend that I understand why Bella is unable to let go of you, but I do know that she does not behave this way to hurt you. She suffers a great deal over the pain she's inflicting on you, and on me, by asking you to stay. What Leah said was uncalled for. Bella's been crying – â€Å" â€Å"Wait – Leah was yelling at Bella about me?† He nodded one sharp nod. â€Å"You were quite vehemently championed.† Whoa. â€Å"I didn't ask her to do that.† â€Å"I know.† I rolled my eyes. Of course he knew. He knew everything. But that was really something about Leah. Who would have believed it? Leah walking into the bloodsuckers' place human to complain about how /was being treated. â€Å"I can't promise to control Leah,† I told him. â€Å"I won't do that. But I'll talk to her, okay? And I don't think there'll be a repeat. Leah's not one to hold back, so she probably got it all off her chest today.† â€Å"I would say so.† â€Å"Anyway, I'll talk to Bella about it, too. She doesn't need to feel bad. This one's on me.† â€Å"I already told her that.† â€Å"Of course you did. Is she okay?† â€Å"She's sleeping now. Rose is with her.† So the psycho was â€Å"Rose† now. He'd completely crossed over to the dark side. He ignored that thought, continuing with a more complete answer to my question. â€Å"She's†¦ better in some ways. Aside from Leah's tirade and the resulting guilt.† Better. Because Edward was hearing the monster and everything was all lovey-dovey now. Fantastic. â€Å"It's a bit more than that,† he murmured. â€Å"Now that I can make out the child's thoughts, it's apparent that he or she has remarkably developed mental facilities. He can understand us, to an extent.† My mouth fell open. â€Å"Are you serious?† â€Å"Yes. He seems to have a vague sense of what hurts her now. He's trying to avoid that, as much as possible. He†¦ loves her. Already.† I stared at Edward, feeling sort of like my eyes might pop out of their sockets. Underneath that disbelief, I could see right away that this was the critical factor. This was what had changed Edward – that the monster had convinced him of this love. He couldn't hate what loved Bella. It was probably why he couldn't hate me, either. There was a big difference, though. I wasn't killing her. Edward went on, acting like he hadn't heard all that. â€Å"The progress, I believe, is more than we'd judged. When Carlisle returns – â€Å" â€Å"They're not back?† I cut in sharply. I thought of Sam and Jared, watching the road. Would they get curious as to what was going on? â€Å"Alice and Jasper are. Carlisle sent all the blood he was able to acquire, but it wasn't as much as he was hoping for – Bella will use up this supply in another day the way her appetite has grown. Carlisle stayed to try another source. I don't think that's necessary now, but he wants to be covered for any eventuality.† â€Å"Why isn't it necessary? If she needs more?† I could tell he was watching and listening to my reaction carefully as he explained. Tm trying to persuade Carlisle to deliver the baby as soon as he is back.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"The child seems to be attempting to avoid rough movements, but it's difficult. He's become too big. It's madness to wait, when he's clearly developed beyond what Carlisle had guessed. Bella's too fragile to delay.† I kept getting my legs knocked out from under me. First, counting on Edward's hatred of the thing so much. Now, I'd realized that I thought of those four days as a sure thing. I'd banked on them. The endless ocean of grief that waited stretched out before me. I tried to catch my breath. Edward waited. I stared at his face while I recovered, recognizing another change there. â€Å"You think she's going to make it,† I whispered. â€Å"Yes. That was the other thing I wanted to talk to you about.† I couldn't say anything. After a minute, he went on. â€Å"Yes,† he said again. â€Å"Waiting, as we have been, for the child to be ready, that was insanely dangerous. At any moment it could have been too late. But if we're proactive about this, if we act quickly, I see no reason why it should not go well. Knowing the child's mind is unbelievably helpful. Thankfully, Bella and Rose agree with me. Now that I've convinced them it's safe for the child if we proceed, there's nothing to keep this from working.† â€Å"When will Carlisle be back?† I asked, still whispering. I hadn't got my breath back yet. â€Å"By noon tomorrow.† My knees buckled. I had to grab the car to hold myself up. Edward reached out like he was offering support, but then he thought better of it and dropped his hands. â€Å"I'm sorry,† he whispered. â€Å"I am truly sorry for the pain this causes you, Jacob. Though you hate me, I must admit that I don't feel the same about you. I think of you as a†¦ a brother in many ways. A comrade in arms, at the very least. I regret your suffering more than you realize. But Bella is going to survive† – when he said that his voice was fierce, even violent – â€Å"and I know that's what really matters to you.† He was probably right. It was hard to tell. My head was spinning. â€Å"So I hate to do this now, while you're already dealing with too much, but, clearly, there is little time. I have to ask you for something – to beg, if I must.† â€Å"I don't have anything left,† I choked out. He lifted his hand again, as if to put it on my shoulder, but then let it drop like before and sighed. â€Å"I know how much you have given,† he said quietly. â€Å"But this is something you do have, and only you. I'm asking this of the true Alpha, Jacob. I'm asking this of Ephraim's heir.† I was way past being able to respond. â€Å"I want your permission to deviate from what we agreed to in our treaty with Ephraim. I want you to grant us an exception. I want your permission to save her life. You know 111 do it anyway, but I don't want to break faith with you if there is any way to avoid it. We never intended to go back on our word, and we don't do it lightly now. I want your understanding, Jacob, because you know exactly why we do this. I want the alliance between our families to survive when this is over.† I tried to swallow. Sam, I thought. It's Sam you want. â€Å"No. Sam's authority is assumed. It belongs to you. You'll never take it from him, but no one can rightfully agree to what I'm asking except for you† It's not my decision. â€Å"It is, Jacob, and you know it. Your word on this will condemn us or absolve us. Only you can give this to me.† can't think. I don't know. â€Å"We don't have much time.† He glanced back toward the house. No, there was no time. My few days had become a few hours. don't know. Let me think. Just give me a minute here, okay? â€Å"Yes.† I started walking to the house, and he followed. Crazy how easy it was, walking through the dark with a vampire right beside me. It didn't feel unsafe, or even uncomfortable, really. It felt like walking next to anybody. Well, anybody who smelled bad. There was a movement in the brush at the edge of the big lawn, and then a low whimper. Seth shrugged through the ferns and loped over to us. â€Å"Hey, kid,† I muttered. He dipped his head, and I patted his shoulder. â€Å"S'all cool,† I lied. â€Å"I'll tell you about it later. Sorry to take off on you like that.† He grinned at me. â€Å"Hey, tell your sister to back off now, okay? Enough.† Seth nodded once. I shoved against his shoulder this time. â€Å"Get back to work. I'll spell you in a bit.† Seth leaned against me, shoving back, and then he galloped into the trees. â€Å"He has one of the purest, sincerest, kindest minds I've ever heard,† Edward murmured when he was outof sight. â€Å"You're lucky to have his thoughts to share.† â€Å"I know that,†! grunted. We started toward the house, and both of our heads snapped up when we heard the sound of someone sucking through a straw. Edward was in a hurry then.He darted up the porch stairs and was gone. â€Å"Bella, love, Ithought you were sleeping,† I heard him say. â€Å"I'm sorry, I wouldn't have left.† â€Å"Don't worry. Ijust got so thirsty – it woke me up.It's a good thing Carlisle is bringing more. This kid is going to need it when he gets out of me.† â€Å"True. That's a good point.† â€Å"I wonder if he'll want anything else,† she mused. â€Å"I suppose we'll find out.† I walked through the door. Alice said, â€Å"Finally,† and Bella's eyes flashed to me. That infuriating, irresistible smile broke across her face for one second. Then it faltered, and her face fell. Her lips puckered, like she was trying not to cry. I wanted to punch Leah right in her stupid mouth. â€Å"Hey, Bells,† Isaid quickly. â€Å"How ya doing?† â€Å"I'm fine,† she said. â€Å"Big day today, huh? Lots of new stuff.† â€Å"You don't have to do that, Jacob.† â€Å"Don't know what you're talking about,† I said, going to sit on the arm of the sofa by her head. Edward had the floor there already. She gave me a reproachful look. â€Å"I'm so s – † she started to say. I pinched her lips together between my thumb and finger. â€Å"Jake,† she mumbled, trying to pull my hand away. Her attempt was so weak it was hard to believe that she was really trying. I shook my head. â€Å"You can talk when you're not being stupid.† â€Å"Fine,I won't say it,† it sounded like she mumbled. I pulled my hand away. â€Å"Sorry!† she finished quickly, and then grinned. I rolledmy eyes and then smiled back at her. When I stared into her eyes, I saw everything that I'd been looking for in the park. Tomorrow, she'd be someone else. But hopefully alive, and that was what counted, right? She'd look at me with the same eyes, sort of. Smile with the same lips, almost. She'd still know me better than anyone who didn't havefull access to the inside of my head. Leah might be an interesting companion, maybe even a true friend – someone who would stand up for me. But she wasn't my best friend the way thatBella was. Aside from the impossible love I felt for Bella, there was also that other bond, and it ran bone deep. Tomorrow, she'd be my enemy. Or she'd be myally. And, apparently, that distinction was up to me. I sighed. Fine!I thought, giving up the very last thing i had to give. It made me feel hollow. Go ahead. Save her. As Ephraim's heir, you have my permission, my word, that this will not violate the treaty. The others will just have to blame me. You were right – they can't deny that it's my right to agree to this. ‘Thank you.† Edward's whisper was low enough that Bella didn't hear anything. But the words were so fervent that, from the corner of my eye, I saw the other vampires turning to stare. â€Å"So,†Bella asked, working to be casual. â€Å"How was your day?† â€Å"Great. Went for a drive. Hung out in the park.† â€Å"Sounds nice.† â€Å"Sure, sure.† Suddenly, she made a face. â€Å"Rose?† she asked. I heard Blondie chuckle. â€Å"Again?† â€Å"I think I've drunk two gallons in the last hour,† Bella explained. Edward and I both got out of the way while Rosalie came to lift Bella from the couch and take her to the bathroom. â€Å"Can I walk?† Bella asked. â€Å"My legs are so stiff.† â€Å"Are you sure?† Edward asked. â€Å"Rose'llcatch me if I trip over my feet. Which could happen pretty easily, since I can't see them.† Rosalie set Bellacarefully on her feet, keeping her hands right atBella's shoulders. Bella stretched her arms out in front of her, wincing a little. â€Å"That feels good,† she sighed. â€Å"Ugh, but I'm huge.† She really was. Her stomach was its own continent. â€Å"One more day,† she said, and patted her stomach. I couldn't help the pain that shot through me in a sudden, stabbing burst, but I tried to keep it off my face. I could hide it for one more day, right? â€Å"All righty, then. Whoops – oh, no!† The cup Bella had left on the sofa tumbled to one side, the dark red blood spilling out onto the pale fabric. Automatically, though three other hands beat her there, Bella bent over, reaching out to catch it. There was the strangest, muffled ripping sound from the center of her body. â€Å"Oh!† she gasped. And then she went totally limp, slumping toward the floor. Rosalie caught her in the same instant, before she could fall. Edward was there, too, hands out, the mess on the sofa forgotten. â€Å"Bella?† he asked, and then his eyes unfocused, and panic shot across his features. A half second later,Bella screamed. Itwas not justa scream, it was a blood-curdling shriek of agony. The horrifying sound cut off with a gurgle, and her eyes rolled back into her head. Her body twitched, arched in Rosalie's arms, and then Bella vomited a fountain of blood.

Homeostatic Imbalances Essay - 757 Words

Homeostatic Imbalances Hypertension is the term used to describe high blood pressure. Blood pressure is a measurement of the force against the walls of your arteries as your heart pumps blood through your body. Blood pressure readings are usually given as two numbers -- for example, 120 over 80 (written as 120/80 mmHg). One or both of these numbers can be too high. The top number is called the systolic blood pressure, which is the force of blood in the arteries as the heart beats, and the bottom number is called the diastolic blood pressure which is the force of blood in the arteries as the heart relaxes between beats. When you blood pressure is a normal it’s lower than 120/80 mmHg most of the time. High blood pressure (hypertension)†¦show more content†¦The control center evaluates the input and if necessary, issues output commands to an effector. The effector produces a physiological response that is able to return the controlled condition to its normal state. People with diabetes have a condition in which the quantity of glucose (blood sugar) in the blood is too elevated (hyperglycemia). This is because the body does not produce enough insulin, produces no insulin Type 1, or has cells that do not respond properly to the insulin the pancreas produces diabetes Type 2. This results in too much glucose building up in the blood. This excess blood glucose eventually passes out of the body in urine. So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirements. Diabetes is a system out of balance. When normal sugar homeostasis is disrupted by either the pancreas not making enough insulin and/or the bodys cells not responding to the insulin, glucose homeostasis is disrupted as the glucose levels rise. Another system which has disrupted homeostasis from diabetes is the body water regulation system. As sugar levels rise in the blood, water is pulled out of the cells, shrinking them. 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